Trial reportBMJ open2016
Preventing postnatal maternal mental health problems using a psychoeducational intervention: the cost-effectiveness of What Were We Thinking.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost Effectiveness of Interventions for Perinatal Anxiety and/or Depression: A Systematic Review of Global Evidence.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness evidence of mental health prevention and promotion interventions: A systematic review of economic evaluations.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Economic Evaluations of Public Health Interventions to Improve Mental Health and Prevent Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviours: A Systematic Literature Review.Administration and policy in mental health · 2021Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of interventions for perinatal anxiety and/or depression: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2018Pooled it
- Economic evaluation of screening, treatment, and prevention interventions for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders: a systematic review.General hospital psychiatryPooled it
- Clinical effectiveness, implementation effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a community singing intervention for postnatal depressive symptoms, SHAPER-PND: randomised controlled trial.The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · 2025Trial
- Impact of perinatal anxiety on healthcare utilisation: a matched cohort study using electronic health records in the UK.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Identify mental health needs of adolescent pregnant women: a qualitative study.International journal of adolescent medicine and health · 2024Article
- Health economic evaluations of preventative care for perinatal anxiety and associated disorders: a rapid review.BMJ open · 2024Review
- Maternal emotions during the pre/postnatal periods and children's sleep behaviors: The mediating role of children's behavior.Journal of affective disorders · 2020Review
- Postpartum quality of life in Indian women after vaginal birth and cesarean section: a pilot study using the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2018Article
- Gender-informed psycho-educational programme to promote respectful relationships and reduce postpartum common mental disorders among primiparous women: long-term follow-up of participants in a community-based cluster randomised controlled trial.Global mental health (Cambridge, England) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPostnatal maternal mental health problems, including depression and anxiety, entail a significant burden globally, and finding cost-effective preventive solutions is a public policy priority. This paper presents a cost-effectiveness analysis of the intervention, What Were We Thinking (WWWT), for the prevention of postnatal maternal mental health problems.
designThe economic evaluation, including cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses, was conducted alongside a cluster-randomised trial.
setting48 Maternal and Child Health Centres in Victoria, Australia.
participantsParticipants were English-speaking first-time mothers attending participating Maternal and Child Health Centres. Full data were collected for 175 participants in the control arm and 184 in the intervention arm.
interventionWWWT is a psychoeducational intervention targeted at the partner relationship, management of infant behaviour and parental fatigue. OUTCOME MEASURES: The evaluation considered public sector plus participant out-of-pocket costs, while outcomes were expressed in the 30-day prevalence of depression, anxiety and adjustment disorders, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Incremental costs and outcomes were estimated using regression analyses to account for relevant sociodemographic, prognostic and clinical characteristics.
resultsThe intervention was estimated to cost $A118.16 per participant. The analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in costs or outcomes. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were $A36 451 per QALY gained and $A152 per percentage-point reduction in 30-day prevalence of depression, anxiety and adjustment disorders. The estimate lies under the unofficial cost-effectiveness threshold of $A55 000 per QALY; however, there was considerable uncertainty surrounding the results, with a 55% probability that WWWT would be considered cost-effective at that threshold.
conclusionsThe results suggest that, although WWWT shows promise as a preventive intervention for postnatal maternal mental health problems, further research is required to reduce the uncertainty over its cost-effectiveness as there were no statistically significant differences in costs or outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12613000506796; results.
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