ArticleBMJ open2016
Impact of smoking on fertility and age of menopause: a population-based assessment.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between menopausal age and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the mediating role of smoking: a study based on NHANES 1999-2018.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Nicotine is an Immunosuppressant: Implications for Women's Health and Disease.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2024Review
- Beyond body mass index: a synthesis of lifestyle factors that may influence in vitro fertilisation outcomes.British journal of midwifery · 2023Article
- Interaction between cigarette smoking and genetic polymorphisms on the associations with age of natural menopause and reproductive lifespan: the Singapore Chinese Health Study.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Intraovarian Injection of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves Therapeutic Approaches in The Patients with Poor Ovarian Response: A Before-After Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2022Article
- Association between cigarette smoking and ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care.PloS one · 2022Article
- Biomarkers of Toxicant Exposure and Inflammation Among Women of Reproductive Age Who Use Electronic or Conventional Cigarettes.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- Pretreatment maternal lifestyle and outcomes of assisted reproduction: an Italian cohort study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- The use of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) versus no intervention in women with low ovarian reserve undergoing fertility treatment: a non-randomized interventional study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2020Article
- An Appraisal of the Role of Previously Reported Risk Factors in the Age at Menopause Using Mendelian Randomization.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Metabolic syndrome and smoking are independent risk factors of male idiopathic infertility.Basic and clinical andrology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsStudies in patients seeking medically assisted reproduction have shown that smoking reduces fertility, but little information is available in the general population. We assessed the associations between smoking and the number of children, childbearing planning and age at menopause in a representative sample of the population of Lausanne, Switzerland.
methodsData from 6711 participants (3530 women, age range 35-75 years) collected between 2003 and 2006 and again in 2009 and 2012. Smoking status, number of offsprings and age of menopause were assessed.
resultsWomen who currently smoke had significantly less children than former or never smokers: the number of children per women (average±SD) was 1.38±1.05, 1.45±1.07 and 1.576±1.16, respectively (p<0.001). Women who currently smoke had their first child at an earlier age than the others: 26.7±5.2, 27.4±5.4 and 26.9±5.2 years old for current, former and never smokers, respectively, (p=0.01). Similar findings were found for men: number of children per men 1.475±1.16, 1.67±1.13 and 1.55±1.22 for current, former and never smokers, respectively (p<0.001); no difference was found regarding age at the first child. The difference persisted after multivariate adjustment (adjusted for age, body mass index, Caucasian origins, alcohol consumption, caffeinated drinks consumption, educational level, receiving social help and women taking contraceptives) for the age at first child among women. No association was found between Heaviness of Smoking Index and the number of children among current smokers in both genders. Women who smoke had their menopause more than 1 year prior than never-smoking women (48.9±0.2 years compared with 47.8±0.3 years, respectively, p=0.002).
conclusionsSmoking is associated with an earlier age of having the first child and of menopause among women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.