ArticleOncotarget2016
Synergistic antitumor activity of the combination of salubrinal and rapamycin against human cholangiocarcinoma cells.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways in Cholangiocarcinoma: A Systematic Review.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2023Pooled it
- mTOR signaling in cholangiocarcinoma: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Differential ER stress responses during lactation and postpartum outcomes in mice depending on their mitochondrial genotype.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity of the cancer cell line metabolic landscape.Molecular systems biology · 2022Article
- Salubrinal Enhances Cancer Cell Death during Glucose Deprivation through the Upregulation of xCT and Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Salubrinal Exposes Anticancer Properties in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells by Manipulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Review
- In Vivo Models for Cholangiocarcinoma-What Can We Learn for Human Disease?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Salubrinal in Combination With 4E1RCat Synergistically Impairs Melanoma Development by Disrupting the Protein Synthetic Machinery.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Animal models of cholangiocarcinoma.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2019Review
- mTOR Inhibitors in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Less is known about the roles of eukaryotic initiation factor alpha (eIF2α) in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, we report that eIF2α inhibitor salubrinal inhibits the proliferation of human CCA cells. Clinical application of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors only has moderate antitumor efficacy. Therefore, combination approaches may be required for effective clinical use of mTOR inhibitors. Here, we investigated the efficacy of the combination of salubrinal and rapamycin in the treatment of CCA. Our data demonstrate a synergistic antitumor effect of the combination of salubrinal and rapamycin against CCA cells. Rapamycin significantly inhibits the proliferation of CCA cells. However, rapamycin initiates a negative feedback activation of Akt. Inhibition of Akt by salubrinal potentiates the efficacy of rapamycin both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, rapamycin treatment results in the up-regulation of Bcl-xL in a xenograft mouse model. It is notable that salubrinal inhibits rapamycin-induced Bcl-xL up-regulation in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that salubrinal and rapamycin combination might be a new and effective strategy for the treatment of CCA.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.