SynthesisOncotarget2016
Smoking increases risks of all-cause and breast cancer specific mortality in breast cancer individuals: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies involving 39725 breast cancer cases.
Synthesis in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic use and survival from breast cancer: A population-based cohort study in England and Wales.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ultra-processed food consumption and the risk of breast cancer incidence and death: a prospective cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Life's Essential 8 and Cardiovascular Disease in Breast Cancer Survivors.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Determinants of persistent smoking among breast cancer survivors.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- The global, regional, and national disease burden of breast cancer attributable to tobacco from 1990 to 2019: a global burden of disease study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Disease burden of breast cancer and risk factors in Europe 44 countries, 1990-2019: findings of the global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Characterizing risky alcohol use, cigarette smoking, e-cigarette use, and physical inactivity among cancer survivors in the USA-a cross-sectional study.Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice · 2023Article
- Epidemiology beyond its limits.Science advances · 2022Article
- Relationship between Cigarette Smoking and Cancer Characteristics and Survival among Breast Cancer Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Prevalence of MMTV-LikeCancer management and research · 2021Article
- Article
- Can public health policies on alcohol and tobacco reduce a cancer epidemic? Australia's experience.BMC medicine · 2019Article
- Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction.Therapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2019Review
- Disparities in breast cancer tumor characteristics, treatment, time to treatment, and survival probability among African American and white women.NPJ breast cancer · 2018Article
- Neurobiology of substance use in adolescents and potential therapeutic effects of exercise for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders.Birth defects research · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Smoking is associated with the risks of mortality from breast cancer (BC) or all causes in BC survivors. Two-stage dose-response meta-analysis was conducted. A search of PubMed and Embase was performed, and a random-effect model was used to yield summary hazard ratios (HRs). Eleven prospective cohort studies were included. The summary HR per 10 cigarettes/day, 10 pack-years, 10 years increase were 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-1.16), 1.09 (95% CI = 1.06-1.12), 1.10 (95% CI = 1.06-1.14) for BC specific mortality, and 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10-1.19), 1.15 (95% CI = 1.10-1.20), 1.17 (95% CI = 1.11-1.23) for all-cause mortality, respectively. The linear or non-linear associations between smoking and risks of mortality from BC or all causes were revealed. Subgroup analyses suggested a positive association between ever or former smoking and the risk of all-cause mortality in BC patients, especially in high doses consumption. In conclusion, higher smoking intensity, more cumulative amount of cigarettes consumption and longer time for smoking is associated with elevated risk of mortality from BC and all causes in BC individuals. The results regarding smoking cessation and "ever or former" smokers should be treated with caution due to limited studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.