ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2017
Discerning Risk of Disease Transition in Relatives of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Utilizing Soluble Mediators and Clinical Features.
Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Vitamin D on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Serum Soluble Mediator Signatures of Lupus Nephritis: Histologic Features and Response to Treatment.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Recent developments in the use of biomarkers as diagnostic tools in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a narrative review.EULAR rheumatology open · 2026Review
- Distinct IgM and IgG autoantibody profiles characterize incomplete and classified systemic autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Dysregulated soluble immune mediators and lupus-associated autoantibody specificities inform the development of immune indexes that characterise classified SLE transition and SLE disease activity.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Identification of glucocorticoid-related genes in systemic lupus erythematosus using bioinformatics analysis and machine learning.PloS one · 2025Article
- Unique Serum Immune Phenotypes and Stratification of Oklahoma Native American Rheumatic Disease Patients.Arthritis care & research · 2023Article
- Differential impact of environmental factors on systemic and localized autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and antinuclear antibodies in Brazilian agricultural workers exposed to pesticides and fertilizers.The Science of the total environment · 2022Article
- Serological abnormalities that predict progression to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in antinuclear antibody-positive individuals.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Pre-Clinical Autoimmunity in Lupus Relatives: Self-Reported Questionnaires and Immune Dysregulation Distinguish Relatives Who Develop Incomplete or Classified Lupus From Clinically Unaffected Relatives and Unaffected, Unrelated Individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Altered Balance of Pro-Inflammatory Immune Cells to T Regulatory Cells Differentiates Symptomatic From Asymptomatic Individuals With Anti-Nuclear Antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Precursors to Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease to the Development of Identifiable Connective Tissue Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Role of Clinical Features and Serum Biomarkers in Identifying Patients with Incomplete Lupus Erythematosus at Higher Risk of Transitioning to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Perspectives.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
- Associations Between Smoking and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Related Cytokines and Chemokines Among US Female Nurses.Arthritis care & research · 2021Article
- Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus-related symptoms assessed by using the Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire in a large population-based cohort.Lupus science & medicine · 2021Article
- The Autoantigen Repertoire and the Microbial RNP World.Trends in molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Clinical disease activity and flare in SLE: Current concepts and novel biomarkers.Journal of autoimmunity · 2021Review
- Proportions of B-cell subsets are altered in incomplete systemic lupus erythematosus and correlate with interferon score and IgG levels.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2020Article
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14 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases cause significant morbidity. Identifying populations at risk of developing SLE is essential for curtailing irreversible inflammatory damage. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with transition to classified disease that would inform our understanding of the risk of SLE.
methodsPreviously identified blood relatives of patients with SLE, who had <4 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for SLE at baseline, were enrolled in this follow-up study (n = 409 unaffected relatives). Participants provided detailed family, demographic, and clinical information, including the SLE-specific portion of the Connective Tissue Disease Screening Questionnaire (SLE-CSQ). Serum and plasma samples were tested for the presence of lupus-associated autoantibodies and 52 soluble mediators. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were applied to identify factors predictive of disease transition.
resultsOf the 409 unaffected relatives of SLE patients, 45 (11%) had transitioned to classified SLE at follow-up (mean time to follow-up 6.4 years). Relatives who transitioned to SLE displayed more lupus-associated autoantibody specificities and higher SLE-CSQ scores (P < 0.0001) at baseline than did relatives who did not transition. Importantly, those who had developed SLE during the follow-up period also had elevated baseline plasma levels of inflammatory mediators, including B lymphocyte stimulator, stem cell factor (SCF), and interferon-associated chemokines (P ≤ 0.02), with concurrent decreases in the levels of regulatory mediators, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), and interleukin-10 (P ≤ 0.03). GEE analyses revealed that baseline SLE-CSQ scores or ACR scores (number of ACR criteria satisfied) and plasma levels of SCF and TGFβ, but not autoantibodies, were significant and independent predictors of SLE transition (P ≤ 0.03).
conclusionPreclinical alterations in levels of soluble mediators may predict transition to classified disease in relatives of SLE patients. Thus, immune perturbations precede SLE classification and can help identify high-risk relatives for rheumatology referral and potential enrollment in prevention trials.
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