ArticleJournal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution2016
Characterization and Evolution of the Spotted Gar Retina.
Article in Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Damsels in Disguise: Development of Ultraviolet Sensitivity and Colour Patterns in Damselfishes (Pomacentridae).Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Short-wavelength-sensitive 1 (Ecology and evolution · 2024Article
- OFF bipolar cell density varies by subtype, eccentricity, and along the dorsal ventral axis in the mouse retina.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2021Article
- The contributions from the progenitor genomes of the mesopolyploid Brassiceae are evolutionarily distinct but functionally compatible.Genome research · 2021Article
- Article
- Olfactomedin-like 2 A and B (OLFML2A and OLFML2B) profile expression in the retina of spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) and bioinformatics mining.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2019Article
- Evolutionary history of teleost intron-containing and intron-less rhodopsin genes.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Parallel opsin switches in multiple cone types of the starry flounder retina: tuning visual pigment composition for a demersal life style.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Activating the regenerative potential of Müller glia cells in a regeneration-deficient retina.eLife · 2018Article
- Pinopsin evolved as the ancestral dim-light visual opsin in vertebrates.Communications biology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the retina of the spotted gar, Lepisosteus oculatus, a ray-finned fish. Gar did not undergo the whole genome duplication event that occurred at the base of the teleost fish lineage, which includes the model species zebrafish and medaka. The divergence of gars from the teleost lineage and the availability of a high-quality genome sequence make it a uniquely useful species to understand how genome duplication sculpted features of the teleost visual system, including photoreceptor diversity. We developed reagents to characterize the cellular organization of the spotted gar retina, including representative markers for all major classes of retinal neurons and Müller glia. We report that the gar has a preponderance of predicted short-wavelength shifted (SWS) opsin genes, including a duplicated set of SWS1 (ultraviolet) sensitive opsin encoding genes, a SWS2 (blue) opsin encoding gene, and two rod opsin encoding genes, all of which were expressed in retinal photoreceptors. We also report that gar SWS1 cones lack the geometric organization of photoreceptors observed in teleost fish species, consistent with the crystalline photoreceptor mosaic being a teleost innovation. Of note the spotted gar expresses both exo-rhodopsin (RH1-1) and rhodopsin (RH1-2) in rods. Exo-rhodopsin is an opsin that is not expressed in the retina of zebrafish and other teleosts, but rather is expressed in regions of the brain. This study suggests that exo-rhodopsin is an ancestral actinopterygian (ray finned fish) retinal opsin, and in teleosts its expression has possibly been subfunctionalized to the pineal gland.
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