ArticlePloS one2016
Modulation of Type-1 and Type-2 Cannabinoid Receptors by Saffron in a Rat Model of Retinal Neurodegeneration.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological Effects of Saffron and its Constituents in Ocular Disorders from in vitro Studies to Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Antioxidant Saffron and Central Retinal Function in ABCA4-Related Stargardt Macular Dystrophy.Nutrients · 2019Trial
- Photoreceptor preservation by FAAH inhibition in a murine model of retinitis pigmentosa.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Saffron as a Retinal Neuroprotectant: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Studies and Clinical Results.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cannabinoids as Multitarget Drugs for the Treatment of Autoimmunity in Glaucoma.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Multi-component screening coupled with ultrasound-assisted green extraction based on HPLC-HRMS for bio-actives analysis in saffron (Food chemistry: X · 2025Article
- The Metabolism of 2-arachidonoylglycerol in Rod Outer Segments Is Modulated by Proteins Involved in the Phototransduction Process.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Perspectives of traditional herbal medicines in treating retinitis pigmentosa.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Investigating the Effects of Exogenous and Endogenous 2-Arachidonoylglycerol on Retinal CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and Reactive Microglia in Naive and Diseased Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids in Glaucoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Saffron and retinal neurodegenerative diseases: Relevance of chemical composition.Journal of anatomy · 2023Article
- Dysregulation of Resolvin E1 Metabolism and Signaling in a Light-Damage Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Polyunsaturated Lipids in the Light-Exposed and Prooxidant Retinal Environment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Update on the controversial identity of cells expressing cnr2 gene in the nervous system.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Review
- A Cross Talk between the Endocannabinoid System and Different Systems Involved in the Pathogenesis of Hypertensive Retinopathy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The TRPV1 Receptor Is Up-Regulated by Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Is Implicated in the Anandamide-Dependent Regulation of Mitochondrial Activity in C2C12 Myoblasts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor is a Target for Neuroprotection in Light Induced Retinal Degeneration.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2022Article
- Sequential PBM-Saffron Treatment in an Animal Model of Retinal Degeneration.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Retinal Neurodegeneration: Correlation between Nutraceutical Treatment and Animal Model.Nutrients · 2021Article
- The impact of cannabinoid type 2 receptors (CB2Rs) in neuroprotection against neurological disorders.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Experimental studies demonstrated that saffron (Crocus sativus) given as a dietary supplement counteracts the effects of bright continuous light (BCL) exposure in the albino rat retina, preserving both morphology and function and probably acting as a regulator of programmed cell death [1]. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether the neuroprotective effect of saffron on rat retina exposed to BCL is associated with a modulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). To this aim, we used eight experimental groups of Sprague-Dawley rats, of which six were exposed to BCL for 24 hours. Following retinal function evaluation, retinas were quickly removed for biochemical and morphological analyses. Rats were either saffron-prefed or intravitreally injected with selective type-1 (CB1) or type-2 (CB2) cannabinoid receptor antagonists before BCL. Prefeeding and intravitreally injections were combined in two experimental groups before BCL. BCL exposure led to enhanced gene and protein expression of retinal CB1 and CB2 without affecting the other ECS elements. This effect of BCL on CB1 and CB2 was reversed by saffron treatment. Selective CB1 and CB2 antagonists reduced photoreceptor death, preserved morphology and visual function of retina, and mitigated the outer nuclear layer (ONL) damage due to BCL. Of interest, CB2-dependent neuroprotection was more pronounced than that conferred by CB1. These data suggest that BCL modulates only distinct ECS elements like CB1 and CB2, and that saffron and cannabinoid receptors could share the same mechanism in order to afford retinal protection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.