ArticleTemperature (Austin, Tex.)
Substantive hemodynamic and thermal strain upon completing lower-limb hot-water immersion; comparisons with treadmill running.
Article in Temperature (Austin, Tex.). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effects of hot-water immersion on cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory health of healthy adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Physiological reports · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of heat-induced changes in cardiac function from over 400 laboratory-based heat exposure studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Acute hot water immersion is protective against impaired vascular function following forearm ischemia-reperfusion in young healthy humans.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2016Trial
- Sex differences in macrovascular responsiveness: Acute effects of hot water immersion versus aerobic exercise in overweight older adults.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Heat Therapy: Targeting Health, Disease, and Disability.Comprehensive Physiology · 2026Review
- Effects of moxibustion aroma stimulation and lower-limb warm stimulation on blood pressure and cerebral hemodynamics: a pilot randomized trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Whole-body hot water immersion effect on cerebral haemodynamics and subsequent cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Both hot- and thermoneutral-water immersion reduce 24-h blood pressure in people with hypertension: A randomized crossover study.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Article
- Local alternating heat and cold stimulation affects hemodynamics and oxygenation in fatigued muscle tissue and autonomic nervous activity: a single-arm interventional study.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Article
- The acute effect of heat exposure on forearm macro- and microvascular function: Impact of measurement timing, heating modality and biological sex.Experimental physiology · 2023Article
- Standalone sauna vs exercise followed by sauna on cardiovascular function in non-naïve sauna users: A comparison of acute effects.Health science reports · 2021Article
- Brachial and carotid hemodynamic response to hot water immersion in men and women.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2021Article
- The impact of repeated, local heating-induced increases in blood flow on lower limb endothelial function in young, healthy females.European journal of applied physiology · 2021Article
- Heat therapy: mechanistic underpinnings and applications to cardiovascular health.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2021Review
- Hemodynamics of post-exercise vs. post hot water immersion recovery.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2021Article
- Post-exercise Warm or Cold Water Immersion to Augment the Cardiometabolic Benefits of Exercise Training: A Proof of Concept Trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Heat therapy reduces sympathetic activity and improves cardiovascular risk profile in women who are obese with polycystic ovary syndrome.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2019Article
- Heat-induced hypervolemia: Does the mode of acclimation matter and what are the implications for performance at Tokyo 2020?Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2019Review
- Acute effect of Finnish sauna bathing on brachial artery flow-mediated dilation and reactive hyperemia in healthy middle-aged and older adults.Physiological reports · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exercise induces arterial flow patterns that promote functional and structural adaptations, improving functional capacity and reducing cardiovascular risk. While heat is produced by exercise, local and whole-body passive heating have recently been shown to generate favorable flow profiles and associated vascular adaptations in the upper limb. Flow responses to acute heating in the lower limbs have not yet been assessed, or directly compared to exercise, and other cardiovascular effects of lower-limb heating have not been fully characterized. Lower-limb heating by hot-water immersion (30 min at 42°C, to the waist) was compared to matched-duration treadmill running (65-75% age-predicted heart rate maximum) in 10 healthy, young adult volunteers. Superficial femoral artery shear rate assessed immediately upon completion was increased to a greater extent following immersion (mean ± SD: immersion +252 ± 137% vs. exercise +155 ± 69%, interaction:
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.