ArticleClinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH2016
State of Acute Agitation at Psychiatric Emergencies in Europe: The STAGE Study.
Article in Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06093451 (An Open-Label, Randomized, Active Controlled Inpatient Trial Evaluating Sublingual Dexmedetomidine For Moderate To Severe Agitation In Inpatients With Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-Label, Randomized, Active Controlled Inpatient Trial Evaluating Sublingual Dexmedetomidine For Moderate To Severe Agitation In Inpatients With Schizophrenia Or Bipolar Disorder
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cytokines in agitated and non-agitated patients admitted to an acute psychiatric department: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Mapping aggressive behaviors and testosterone among schizophrenia patients in acute stage.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms of olanzapine against agitation in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evolving trends in psychiatric emergency services in Southern China: a seven-year retrospective analysis.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Ziprasidone Injection vs Haloperidol Injection for Agitation in Patients with Acute Schizophrenia.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Understanding of Psychomotor Agitation: From Causes to Hospital Care.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Physical restraint within the prehospital Emergency Medical Care Environment: A scoping review.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2023Article
- NANDA nursing diagnoses associated with the occurrence of psychomotor agitation in patients with severe mental disorder: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2023Article
- Sublingual Dexmedetomidine for the Treatment of Agitation in Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Review
- The safety and efficacy of sequential intramuscular/oral ziprasidone treatment of acute episode in patients with schizophrenia: a multicenter, open-labeled study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Psychomotor Agitation in Mental Health Hospitalisation: A Multicentre Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Inhaled Loxapine as a Rapid Treatment for Agitation in Patients with Personality Disorder: A Prospective Study on the Effects of Time.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Article
- The Management of Psychomotor Agitation Associated with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder: A Brief Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Associations of C-Reactive Protein, Free Triiodothyronine, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Creatinine Levels with Agitation in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2021Article
- Recognition and management of agitation in acute mental health services: a qualitative evaluation of staff perceptions.BMC nursing · 2020Article
- Alternatives to the Use of Mechanical Restraints in the Management of Agitation or Aggressions of Psychiatric Patients: A Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Time from the Admission as the Predictor of Aggressive Behavior of Inpatients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2020Article
- Prescription practices in the treatment of agitation in newly hospitalized Chinese schizophrenia patients: data from a non-interventional naturalistic study.BMC psychiatry · 2019Observational
- Inhaled Loxapine for the Management of Acute Agitation in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia: Expert Review and Commentary in an Era of Change.Drugs in R&D · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAgitation is an array of syndromes and types of behaviors that are common in patients with psychiatric disorders. In Europe, the estimation of prevalence of agitation has been difficult due to the lack of standard studies or systematic data collection done on this syndrome.
objectiveAn observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study aimed to assess the prevalence of agitation episodes in psychiatric emergencies in different European countries.
methodFor 1 week, all episodes of acute agitation that were attended to at the psychiatric emergency room (ER) or Acute Inpatient Unit (AIU) in the 27 participating centers were registered. The clinical characteristics and management of the agitation episode were also described. A descriptive analysis was performed.
resultsA total of 334 agitation episodes out of 7295 psychiatric emergencies were recorded, giving a prevalence rate of 4.6% (95% CI: 4.12-5.08). Of them, 172 [9.4% (95% CI: 8.2-10.9)] were attended at the ER and 162 [2.8% (95% CI: 2.4-3.3)] at AIU. Only data from 165 episodes of agitation (those with a signed informed consent form) was registered and described in this report. The most common psychiatric conditions associated with agitation were schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and personality disorder. The management of agitation included from non-invasive to more coercive measures (mechanical, physical restraint or seclusion) that were unavoidable in more than half of the agitation episodes (59.5%).
conclusionThe results show that agitation is a common symptom in the clinical practice, both in emergency and inpatient psychiatric departments. Further studies are warranted to better recognize (using a standardized definition) and characterize agitation episodes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.