ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2017
Interactive Effects of Aerobic Fitness, Strength, and Obesity on Mortality in Men.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Acute effects of single dose transcranial direct current stimulation on muscle strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- School-level variation in physical fitness outcomes among children and adolescents.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trends in physical fitness among children and adolescents in Europe: A systematic review and meta-analyses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Review
- Assessing a clinical vital sign in severe mental illness: validation study of the 5 sit-to-stand test for monitoring muscle strength - The PsychiActive Project.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Sport participation, weight status, and physical fitness in French adolescents.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Association of Endogenous Testosterone with Physical Fitness Measures during Firefighter Occupational Health Evaluations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study of Physical Fitness and Risk of Hypertension in Korean Adults Aged 20-59.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Exploring the Relationship Between the Indices of Body Composition With Grip Strength Performance and Peak VO2.Cureus · 2023Article
- Functional exercise capacity in maximal and submaximal activities of individuals with polio sequelae.European journal of applied physiology · 2023Article
- European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network.British journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Secular trends in physical fitness of Slovenian boys and girls aged 7 to 15 years from 1989 to 2019: a population-based study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Handgrip Strength to Predict the Risk of All-Cause and Premature Mortality in Korean Adults: A 10-Year Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Increased modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Takayasu arteritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2021Article
- Handgrip Strength-Related Factors Affecting Health Outcomes in Young Adults: Association with Cardiorespiratory Fitness.BioMed research international · 2021Article
- Early-Life Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Long-term Risk of Prostate Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2020Article
- Is there an agreement between self-reported medical diagnosis in the CARTaGENE cohort and the Québec administrative health databases?International journal of population data science · 2020Article
- Cardiorespiratory fitness and long-term risk of sleep apnea: A national cohort study.Journal of sleep research · 2019Article
- The combination of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength, and mortality risk.European journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Height, Weight, and Aerobic Fitness Level in Relation to the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation.American journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionLow aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity have been associated with premature mortality, but their interactive effects are unknown. This study examined interactions among these common, modifiable factors, to help inform more-effective preventive interventions.
methodsThis national cohort study included all 1,547,478 military conscripts in Sweden during 1969-1997 (97%-98% of all men aged 18 years each year). Aerobic fitness, muscular strength, and BMI measurements were examined in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality through 2012 (maximum age, 62 years). Data were collected/analyzed in 2015-2016.
resultsLow aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity at age 18 years were independently associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adulthood. The combination of low aerobic fitness and muscular strength (lowest versus highest tertiles) was associated with twofold all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio=2.01; 95% CI=1.93, 2.08; p<0.001; mortality rates per 100,000 person years, 247.2 vs 73.8), and 2.6-fold cardiovascular mortality (2.63; 95% CI=2.38, 2.91; p<0.001; 43.9 vs 8.3). These factors also had positive additive and multiplicative interactions in relation to all-cause mortality (their combined effect exceeded the sum or product of their separate effects; p<0.001), and were associated with higher mortality even among men with normal BMI.
conclusionsLow aerobic fitness, low muscular strength, and obesity at age 18 years were associated with increased mortality in adulthood, with interactive effects between aerobic fitness and muscular strength. Preventive interventions should begin early in life and include both aerobic fitness and muscular strength, even among those with normal BMI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.