Trial reportJournal of the neurological sciences2017
Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) test: A new measure of rapid picture naming for concussion.
Trial report in Journal of the neurological sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Urban Transdisciplinary Concussion Center: A Model for Clinical Care, Education, and Research.Neurology. Clinical practice · 2026Article
- The MINT Sprint 2.0: a Picture Naming Test for Detection of Naming Impairments in ΜCI Due or Not to AD, Greek Version.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2026Article
- Tablet-Based Assessment of Picture Naming in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease: An Accessible and Effective Tool for Distinguishing Mild Cognitive Impairment from Normal Aging.Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders · 2026Article
- Optimal Diagnostic Strategies for Concussion-Related Vision Disorders: A Review.Eye and brain · 2025Review
- Navigating the U.S. regulatory landscape for neurologic digital health technologies.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- Precision Concussion Management: Approaches to Quantifying Head Injury Severity and Recovery.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Vision as a piece of the head trauma puzzle.Eye (London, England) · 2023Review
- Where's the Vision? The Importance of Visual Outcomes in Neurologic Disorders: The 2021 H. Houston Merritt Lecture.Neurology · 2023Review
- Vergence, accommodation, and visual tracking in children and adolescents evaluated in a multidisciplinary concussion clinic.Vision research · 2021Article
- How sandbag-able are concussion sideline assessments? A close look at eye movements to uncover strategies.Brain injury · 2021Article
- Sleep-deprived residents and rapid picture naming performance using the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES) test.eNeurologicalSci · 2021Article
- The new Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES): A test of rapid picture naming for concussion sized for the sidelines.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2018Article
- Capturing saccades in multiple sclerosis with a digitized test of rapid number naming.Journal of neurology · 2017Article
- The Intersection between Ocular and Manual Motor Control: Eye-Hand Coordination in Acquired Brain Injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Review
- Neuro-Ophthalmology at the Bedside: A Clinical Guide.Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceArticle
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study introduces a rapid picture naming test, the Mobile Universal Lexicon Evaluation System (MULES), as a novel, vision-based performance measure for concussion screening. The MULES is a visual-verbal task that includes 54 original photographs of fruits, objects and animals. We piloted MULES in a cohort of volunteers to determine feasibility, ranges of picture naming responses, and the relation of MULES time scores to those of King-Devick (K-D), a rapid number naming test.
methodsA convenience sample (n=20, age 34±10) underwent MULES and K-D (spiral bound, iPad versions). Administration order was randomized; MULES tests were audio-recorded to provide objective data on temporal variability and ranges of picture naming responses.
resultsScores for the best of two trials for all tests were 40-50s; average times required to name each MULES picture (0.72±0.14s) was greater than those needed for each K-D number ((spiral: 0.33±0.05s, iPad: 0.36±0.06s, 120 numbers), p<0.0001, paired t-test). MULES scores showed the greatest degree of improvement between trials (9.4±4.8s, p<0.0001 for trials 1 vs. 2), compared to K-D (spiral 1.5±3.3s, iPad 1.8±3.4s). Shorter MULES times demonstrated moderate and significant correlations with shorter iPad but not spiral K-D times (r=0.49, p=0.03).
conclusionThe MULES test is a rapid picture naming task that may engage more extensive neural systems than more commonly used rapid number naming tasks. Rapid picture naming may require additional processing devoted to color perception, object identification, and categorization. Both tests rely on initiation and sequencing of saccadic eye movements.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.