ArticleAmerican journal of public health2017
Evaluating Public Health Interventions: 5. Causal Inference in Public Health Research-Do Sex, Race, and Biological Factors Cause Health Outcomes?
Article in American journal of public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy in men and women: a secondary analysis of the SMART-AV randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- A Causal Inference Guided Analysis of Lung Transplant Outcomes Using Real-world Evidence from the SRTR Database.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026Article
- Loneliness and desire for thinness explain sex differences in adolescent internalizing problems.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Causal Inference in Health Disparities Research.Annual review of public health · 2026Review
- Covariate adjustment in LGBTQ+ health disparities research: aligning methods with assumptions.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Racism Counterfactuals in Health Research.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Behavioural and metabolic mediators of socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes: comparing counterfactual and traditional mediation analysis.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Leveraging agent-based modeling and a randomized intervention to advance childhood physical activity: A study protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Path-specific causal decomposition analysis with multiple correlated mediator variables.Statistics in medicine · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal Choice in the United States Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Retrospective Longitudinal Analysis.JMIR perioperative medicine · 2024Article
- Social determinants of health and incident postoperative delirium: Exploring key relationships in the SAGES study.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Impact on Inpatient Length of Stay in Adults with Deep Partial-Thickness Burns: Comparing the Bioengineered Allogeneic Cellularized Construct Expanded-Access Trial with National Burn Repository Data.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2024Article
- Causal decomposition maps: An exploratory tool for designing area-level interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift · 2023Article
- Adjusting for outcome risk factors in immigrant datasets: total or direct effects?BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Emulate randomized clinical trials using heterogeneous treatment effect estimation for personalized treatments: Methodology review and benchmark.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2023Review
- Model Choice for Quantitative Health Impact Assessment and Modelling: An Expert Consultation and Narrative Literature Review.International journal of health policy and management · 2023Review
- Persistent organic pollutant exposure contributes to Black/White differences in leukocyte telomere length in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Mapping of machine learning approaches for description, prediction, and causal inference in the social and health sciences.Science advances · 2022Review
- Do Different Patterns of Employment Quality Contribute to Gender Health Inequities in the U.S.? A Cross-Sectional Mediation Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Confronting Racism in All Forms of Pain Research: Reframing Study Designs.The journal of pain · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Counterfactual frameworks and statistical methods for supporting causal inference are powerful tools to clarify scientific questions and guide analyses in public health research. Counterfactual accounts of causation contrast what would happen to a population's health under alternative exposure scenarios. A long-standing debate in counterfactual theory relates to whether sex, race, and biological characteristics, including obesity, should be evaluated as causes, given that these variables do not directly correspond to clearly defined interventions. We argue that sex, race, and biological characteristics are important health determinants. Quantifying the overall health effects of these variables is often a natural starting point for disparities research. Subsequent assessments of biological or social pathways mediating those effects can facilitate the development of interventions designed to reduce disparities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.