ReviewCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2017
A researcher's guide to the galaxy of IRESs.
Review in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Reassessment of IRES Element Activity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- A Luciferase-Based Assay for Assessing Cap-Independent Translation in Wheat Germ Extract.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Enhancement of Therapeutic mRNA Translation in Cellular Stress Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- IRES-TrAPPr reveals novel insights into viral and cellular mRNA translation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- When RNA goes off script: ensuring transcript fidelity in transgene expression.The EMBO journal · 2026Review
- Evaluating the reliability of tools for mRNA annotation and IRES studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Circularization and Ribosome Recycling: From Polysome Topology to Translational Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Solid tumor rejection using personalized incompatible human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and blood group ABH antigens.Exploration of medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of the Regulatory Effects of Host Factors on Viral Internal Ribosomal Entry Sites.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F: functional properties and physiological role.Nucleic acids research · 2025Review
- IRES-Mediated Translation: Expanding the Toolkits of RNA Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- eIF4A controls translation of estrogen receptor alpha and is a therapeutic target in advanced breast cancer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Circadian Control of Protein Synthesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Guidelines for minimal reporting requirements, design and interpretation of experiments involving the use of eukaryotic dual gene expression reporters (MINDR).Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Eukaryotic mRNA Coding Potential.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- A circular split nanoluciferase reporter for validating and screening putative internal ribosomal entry site elements.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- eIF4E-independent translation is largely eIF3d-dependent.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Non-canonical mRNA translation initiation in cell stress and cancer.NAR cancer · 2024Review
- Updating mRNA variants of the human RSK4 gene and their expression in different stressed situations.Heliyon · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The idea of internal initiation is frequently exploited to explain the peculiar translation properties or unusual features of some eukaryotic mRNAs. In this review, we summarize the methods and arguments most commonly used to address cases of translation governed by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs). Frequent mistakes are revealed. We explain why "cap-independent" does not readily mean "IRES-dependent" and why the presence of a long and highly structured 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) or translation under stress conditions cannot be regarded as an argument for appealing to internal initiation. We carefully describe the known pitfalls and limitations of the bicistronic assay and artefacts of some commercially available in vitro translation systems. We explain why plasmid DNA transfection should not be used in IRES studies and which control experiments are unavoidable if someone decides to use it anyway. Finally, we propose a workflow for the validation of IRES activity, including fast and simple experiments based on a single genetic construct with a sequence of interest.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.