ArticleBiology letters2016
Mood and personality interact to determine cognitive biases in pigs.
Article in Biology letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review on the effect of individual characteristics and management practices on equine cognition.Animal cognition · 2025Pooled it
- Cognitive tasks as measures of pig welfare: a systematic review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Pooled it
- Non-invasive physiological indicators of welfare in dairy cows.Animal welfare (South Mimms, England) · 2026Article
- Supplementation of a Homeopathic Complex in the Diet of Castrated Male and Female Nursery Piglets and Its Effects on Behavior.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Optimism and pessimism: a concept for behavioural ecology.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2025Review
- Optimistic and pessimistic cognitive judgement bias modulates the stress response and cancer progression in zebrafish.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
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- Are lateralized and bold fish optimistic or pessimistic?Animal cognition · 2024Article
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- Trait sensitivity to stress and cognitive bias processes in fish: A brief overview.Personality neuroscience · 2024Review
- Unexpected appetitive events promote positive affective state in juvenile European sea bass.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Structural environmental enrichment and the way it is offered influence cognitive judgement bias and anxiety-like behaviours in zebrafish.Animal cognition · 2023Article
- Limitations of Spatial Judgment Bias Test Application in Horses (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Judgement bias of group housed gestating sows predicted by behavioral traits, but not physical measures of welfare.PloS one · 2022Article
- How Inhibitory Control Relates to Positive and Negative Affective States in Red Junglefowl.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Judgment Bias During Gestation in Domestic Pigs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Housing and personality effects on judgement and attention biases in dairy cows.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Dogs are more pessimistic if their owners use two or more aversive training methods.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Partial rewarding during clicker training does not improve naïve dogs' learning speed and induces a pessimistic-like affective state.Animal cognition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cognitive bias has become a popular way to access non-human animal mood, though inconsistent results have been found. In humans, mood and personality interact to determine cognitive bias, but to date, this has not been investigated in non-human animals. Here, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in a non-human animal, the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), that mood and personality interact, impacting on judgement. Pigs with a more proactive personality were more likely to respond optimistically to unrewarded ambiguous probes (spatially positioned between locations that were previously rewarded and unrewarded) independent of their housing (or enrichment) conditions. However, optimism/pessimism of reactive pigs in this task was affected by their housing conditions, which are likely to have influenced their mood state. Reactive pigs in the less enriched environment were more pessimistic and those in the more enriched environment, more optimistic. These results suggest that judgement in non-human animals is similar to humans, incorporating aspects of stable personality traits and more transient mood states.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.