ArticlePloS one2016
Nature vs. Nurture: Evidence for Social Learning of Conflict Behaviour in Grizzly Bears.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The flexibility of social learning and its conservation implications in mammals and beyond.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Animal culture: conservation in a changing world.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Ontogeny shapes individual dietary specialization in female European brown bears (Ursus arctos).Nature communications · 2024Article
- Aversive conditioning increases short-term wariness but does not change habitat use in black bears associated with conflict.PloS one · 2024Article
- Mammalian predator and prey responses to recreation and land use across multiple scales provide limited support for the human shield hypothesis.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Conservation and management of the culture of bears.Ecology and evolution · 2022Review
- Matrilinear hierarchy in the American black bear (Ursus americanus).Integrative zoology · 2022Article
- Article
- The ecology of human-carnivore coexistence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Population reduction by hunting helps control human-wildlife conflicts for a species that is a conservation success story.PloS one · 2020Article
- Sociality and Wild Animal Welfare: Future Directions.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Review
- Natal habitat preference induction in large mammals-Like mother, like child?Ecology and evolution · 2018Article
- Alaskan brown bears (Ecology and evolution · 2018Article
- Development of on-shore behavior among polar bears (Ecology and evolution · 2018Article
- Coexistence with Large Carnivores Supported by a Predator-Compensation Program.Environmental management · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The propensity for a grizzly bear to develop conflict behaviours might be a result of social learning between mothers and cubs, genetic inheritance, or both learning and inheritance. Using non-invasive genetic sampling, we collected grizzly bear hair samples during 2011-2014 across southwestern Alberta, Canada. We targeted private agricultural lands for hair samples at grizzly bear incident sites, defining an incident as an occurrence in which the grizzly bear caused property damage, obtained anthropogenic food, or killed or attempted to kill livestock or pets. We genotyped 213 unique grizzly bears (118 M, 95 F) at 24 microsatellite loci, plus the amelogenin marker for sex. We used the program COLONY to assign parentage. We evaluated 76 mother-offspring relationships and 119 father-offspring relationships. We compared the frequency of problem and non-problem offspring from problem and non-problem parents, excluding dependent offspring from our analysis. Our results support the social learning hypothesis, but not the genetic inheritance hypothesis. Offspring of problem mothers are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviours, while offspring from non-problem mothers are not likely to be involved in incidents or human-bear conflicts themselves (Barnard's test, p = 0.05, 62.5% of offspring from problem mothers were problem bears). There was no evidence that offspring are more likely to be involved in conflict behaviour if their fathers had been problem bears (Barnard's test, p = 0.92, 29.6% of offspring from problem fathers were problem bears). For the mother-offspring relationships evaluated, 30.3% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their mother's conflict status. Similarly, 28.6% of offspring were identified as problem bears independent of their father's conflict status. Proactive mitigation to prevent female bears from becoming problem individuals likely will help prevent the perpetuation of conflicts through social learning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.