ArticleNature2016
Designer matrices for intestinal stem cell and organoid culture.
Article in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 760 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
760 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,364 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guiding Principles: Reporting Elements for Gastrointestinal Organoid Research.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Guideline
- Vascularised organoids: Recent advances and applications in cancer research.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Tumor-Immune-On-Chip to Evaluate Pathophysiological Feature of T Lymphocytes Expanded from Patient Tumors and Lymph Node Tissues.Cancer medicine · 2026Trial
- A self-crosslinkable, adhesive intestine-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances organoid retention and restores intestinal barrier integrity.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Real-time sensing-integrated organoid-on-a-chip platforms: Technological progress and emerging biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Article
- Organoids: Current Applications and Future Directions.MedComm · 2026Review
- Improved Method for Obtaining Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid and Primary Cells: A Generic and Simplified Approach for Intracranial Tumor With Minimized Input.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Chemical Strategies for Multistimuli Responsive Dynamic Covalent Materials in Regenerative Medicine.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- From Primary Cells to Organoids: Expanding the Biological Relevance of In Vitro Cellular Models.Cells · 2026Review
- A xeno-free human iPSC-derived prostate organoid platform for multilineage differentiation and genetic manipulation.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- A pancreatic cancer organoid-macrophage co-culture using starPEG-heparin hydrogel deciphers tumor-immune cell interactions.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Patient-Derived Organoid Models and Precision HIPEC in Diffuse Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma: Modeling Heterogeneity to Address Recurrence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Combating ageing beyond the cell: Emerging roles of extracellular proteostasis.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Engineering autoimmune disease models using organoids: Harnessing microenvironmental engineering for precision medicine and immunological recapitulation.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Cellular Responses to Mechanical Cues Across Scales: From Fundamental Insights to Translational Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Review
- A Fully Defined GelMA-Based Matrix Allows Fine Tuning of Tissue-Relevant Biomechanical and Biochemical Cues for Organoid Culture.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Sequential Patterning of Photoresponsive Hydrogels Directs Crypt Fission and Reveals the Role of Epithelial Curvature on Fission Symmetry.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Lipid network crosslinked hydrogels control material dynamics across multiple length scales through lipid movement.Nature communications · 2026Article
700 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epithelial organoids recapitulate multiple aspects of real organs, making them promising models of organ development, function and disease. However, the full potential of organoids in research and therapy has remained unrealized, owing to the poorly defined animal-derived matrices in which they are grown. Here we used modular synthetic hydrogel networks to define the key extracellular matrix (ECM) parameters that govern intestinal stem cell (ISC) expansion and organoid formation, and show that separate stages of the process require different mechanical environments and ECM components. In particular, fibronectin-based adhesion was sufficient for ISC survival and proliferation. High matrix stiffness significantly enhanced ISC expansion through a yes-associated protein 1 (YAP)-dependent mechanism. ISC differentiation and organoid formation, on the other hand, required a soft matrix and laminin-based adhesion. We used these insights to build a fully defined culture system for the expansion of mouse and human ISCs. We also produced mechanically dynamic matrices that were initially optimal for ISC expansion and subsequently permissive to differentiation and intestinal organoid formation, thus creating well-defined alternatives to animal-derived matrices for the culture of mouse and human stem-cell-derived organoids. Our approach overcomes multiple limitations of current organoid cultures and greatly expands their applicability in basic and clinical research. The principles presented here can be extended to identify designer matrices that are optimal for long-term culture of other types of stem cells and organoids.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.