ReviewParasite (Paris, France)2016
Review of West Nile virus circulation and outbreak risk in Madagascar: Entomological and ornithological perspectives.
Review in Parasite (Paris, France), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of West Nile virus in Africa: An underestimated threat.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Determining factors of the blood feeding behaviour of mosquito vectors of West Nile and Rift Valley fever viruses in Madagascar.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Surveillance of West Nile Virus in Tunisia: Evidence from Human and Entomological Investigation.Viruses · 2025Article
- Spatial and temporal dynamics of West Nile virus between Africa and Europe.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Mapping the Risk for West Nile Virus Transmission, Africa.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Sensitivity of Quails (Coturnix coturnix), Siskins (Carduelis spinus), and Frogs (Rana ridibunda) to West Nile Virus.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2021Article
- A Scoping Review of West Nile Virus Seroprevalence Studies among African Equids.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Serological Evidence of West Nile and Usutu Viruses Circulation in Domestic and Wild Birds in Wetlands of Mali and Madagascar in 2008.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Culicoides Latreille in the sun: faunistic inventory of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Mayotte (Comoros Archipelago, Indian Ocean).Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- An Overview of the Most Significant Zoonotic Viral Pathogens Transmitted from Animal to Human in Saudi Arabia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Epidemiology and ecology of West Nile virus in sub-Saharan Africa.Parasites & vectors · 2018Review
- Population dynamics of mosquito species in a West Nile virus endemic area in Madagascar.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile fever (WNF) is a zoonotic disease, occurring nearly globally. In Madagascar, West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in 1978 from wild birds and the virus is currently distributed across the island, but no epidemic or epizootic period has been recorded. One fatal human case of WNV infection was reported in 2011, suggesting a "tip of the iceberg" phenomenon of a possible WNF epidemic/epizootic on the island. The main objective of this literature-based survey is to review patterns of WNV circulation in Madagascar from the entomological and ornithological points of view. Among the 235 mosquito species described from Madagascar, 29 species are widely associated with WNV infection; 16 of them are found naturally infected with WNV on the island and categorized into major, candidate, and potential vectors of WNV according to their vector capacity. This study upholds the hypothesis that WNV enzooticity is independent of annual movements of migratory birds passing through Madagascar. Moreover, the lack of regular migratory bird flux between Africa and Madagascar would reduce the probability of transmission and the subsequent reintroduction of the virus into locally occurring mosquito species. Given that Palearctic migratory birds are strongly implicated in the transmission of WNV, we highlight notable differences in the movements and species diversity of these birds in Madagascar as compared to eastern and northern Africa. Risk factors from this two-pronged approach are presented for the emergence of WNF outbreak.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.