ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2016
Mechanisms of Acute Toxicity in NKG2D Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Treated Mice.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing the NKG2D immune surveillance pathway using engineered T-cells for the treatment of human disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Characterization of CAR-T cell factors that contribute to myeloid cell activation.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Novel strategies to manage CAR-T cell toxicity.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Article
- Dual CAR-T cells to treat cancers co-expressing NKG2D and PD1 ligands in xenograft models of peritoneal metastasis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- CD4 CAR-T cells targeting CD19 play a key role in exacerbating cytokine release syndrome, while maintaining long-term responses.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Article
- Current status and future challenges of CAR-T cell therapy for osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- TCR engineered T cells for solid tumor immunotherapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- Time to evolve: predicting engineered T cell-associated toxicity with next-generation models.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Review
- Effector memory CD4Science immunology · 2022Article
- GM-CSF impairs erythropoiesis by disrupting erythroblastic island formation via macrophages.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Administration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhanced chimeric antigen receptor T-cell expansion and cellular immunity recovery without inducing cytokine release syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Targeted Therapy in the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Therapy and Toxicity Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- NKG2D-CAR-transduced natural killer cells efficiently target multiple myeloma.Blood cancer journal · 2021Article
- CAR-T Cell Therapy: Mechanism, Management, and Mitigation of Inflammatory Toxicities.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Chemokine Receptor CCR2b Enhanced Anti-tumor Function of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting Mesothelin in a Non-small-cell Lung Carcinoma Model.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- Engineering of chimeric natural killer cell receptors to develop precision adoptive immunotherapies for cancer.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Targeting cancer through the use of effector T cells bearing chimeric Ag receptors (CARs) leads to elimination of tumors in animals and patients, but recognition of normal cells or excessive activation can result in significant toxicity and even death. CAR T cells based on modified NKG2D receptors are effective against many types of tumors, and their efficacy is mediated through direct cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Under certain conditions, their ligands can be expressed on nontumor cells, so a better understanding of the potential off-tumor activity of these NKG2D CAR T cells is needed. Injection of very high numbers of activated T cells expressing CARs based on murine NKG2D or DNAM1 resulted in increased serum cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6, and MCP-1) and acute toxicity similar to cytokine release syndrome. Acute toxicity required two key effector molecules in CAR T cells-perforin and GM-CSF. Host immune cells also contributed to this toxicity, and mice with severe immune cell defects remained healthy at the highest CAR T cell dose. These data demonstrate that specific CAR T cell effector mechanisms and the host immune system are required for this cytokine release-like syndrome in murine models.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.