ArticleAnesthesiology and pain medicine2016
Intrathecal Midazolam as an Adjuvant in Pregnancy-Induced Hypertensive Patients Undergoing an Elective Caesarean Section: A Clinical Comparative Study.
Article in Anesthesiology and pain medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03592537 (Fentanyl Versus Midazolam as an Adjunct to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fentanyl Versus Midazolam as an Adjunct to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Children Undergoing Infraumbilical Surgery
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of midazolam compared to fentanyl as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Pooled it
- PROSPECT guideline for elective caesarean section: updated systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations.Anaesthesia · 2021Guideline
- Polyelectromyography Under Propofol to Differentiate Functional from Idiopathic Dystonia: A Pilot Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
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- Nalbuphine versus Midazolam as an Adjuvant to Intrathecal Bupivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Cesarean Section.Journal of pain research · 2020Article
- Efficacy of Adding Midazolam to Bupivacaine for Transversus Abdominis Plane Block on Postoperative Analgesia after Hysterectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study.Anesthesia, essays and researchesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA pain-free postoperative period is essential following a caesarean section so new mothers may care for and bond with their neonates. Intrathecal adjuvants are often administered during this procedure to provide significant analgesia, but they may also have bothersome side effects. Intrathecal midazolam produces effective postoperative analgesia with no significant side effects.
objectivesThis prospective, randomized, double-blind study was designed to compare the analgesic efficacy and safety of intrathecal midazolam vs. plain bupivacaine as an adjunct to bupivacaine in pregnancy-induced hypertension patients scheduled for elective caesarean section.
methodsSixty patients diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension on regular treatment who were scheduled for a caesarean section were randomly allocated into two groups: a control group (Group BC, n = 30) and a midazolam group (Group BM, n = 30). Both groups received 10 mg (2 mL) of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine. Group BC received 0.4 mL of distilled water, while group BM received 0.4 mL (2 mg) of midazolam intrathecally. The duration of postoperative analgesia, analgesic requirements during the first 24 hours after surgery, onset times and durations of sensory and motor blocks, incidence of hypotension, vasopressor requirements, and side effects were recorded.
resultsPostoperative analgesia was significantly longer in the midazolam group compared to the control group (201.5 minutes vs. 357.6 minutes). The mean onset times of the sensory and motor blocks were significantly faster (P < 0.01) in the midazolam group compared to the control group. The mean times to attain the maximum sensory level and motor blocks were also significantly faster in the midazolam group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of hypotension was 6.6% in the midazolam group and 36.6% in the control group, which was highly significant. In addition, the number of patients with side effects was significantly lower in the midazolam group compared to the control group.
conclusionsIntrathecal midazolam 2 mg provides significantly longer and effective postoperative analgesia with no side effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.