ReviewInternational journal of retina and vitreous2015
Endophthalmitis following intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection: a comprehensive review.
Review in International journal of retina and vitreous, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06771908 (THE ROLE OF HEXAMIDINE DIISETHIONATE), which is not on this map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The role of hexamidine diisethionate (zamidine®) 1mg/ml 0.6ml eye drops in the prophylaxis of surgery oftalmic
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of prophylactic simultaneous intravitreal moxifloxacin injection with standard intravitreal anti-VEGF injection procedure in cases of cystoid macular edema and macular neovascularization.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Trial
- The effect of punctal plugs in reducing ocular surface irritation after povidone-iodine preparation of intravitreal injection-a randomized trial.Eye (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Lessons Learnt From 25 Years of Endophthalmitis: Causes, Microbiology and Visual Outcome Trends.Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association Between Repeated Prophylactic Antimicrobial Eye Drop Use and Reduced Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Conjunctival and Nasal Commensal Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antiseptic Efficacy and Ocular Surface Toxicity of Povidone-Iodine and Chlorhexidine for Endophthalmitis Isolates.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Correlation between blood glucose levels and endophthalmitis risk after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- The Rising Importance of Antiseptics in Ophthalmology: From Endophthalmitis Prevention to Treatment of Ocular Infections.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Safety Evaluation of Bilateral Same-Day Intravitreal Injection of Faricimab.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Recent advancements in polymer science for retinal diseases: New frontiers in drug delivery systems.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- In vitro efficacy of aqueous PVP-iodine solution below 5% as alternative to preoperative antisepsis in ophthalmology as the basis for an in vivo study.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Efficacy of 0.2% povidone-iodine and 0.1% polyhexamethylene biguanide as preoperative antiseptics in equine ophthalmic procedures.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Simultaneous bilateral intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections from one vial for diabetic macular edema: a retrospective analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Real-world safety and efficacy of Anti-VEGF treatment in Brazil.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2025Article
- Greener intravitreal injections: a narrative review.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Comparing the in vitro efficacy of chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine in the prevention of post-surgical endophthalmitis.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Article
- Review
- The effect of ocular rinse volume on surface irritation after povidone-iodine preparation for intravitreal injections: a randomized controlled trial.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- Emerging therapeutic strategies for unmet need in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- The Royal College of Ophthalmologists Commissioning guidelines on age macular degeneration: executive summary.Eye (London, England) · 2022Article
- Staphylococcus lugdunensis Endophthalmitis Following Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections.Cureus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to report and summarize previously reported studies and assess many of the individual steps of the intravitreal injection procedure's possible effect on the prevention of endophthalmitis. The pooled endophthalmitis rate from 20 large retrospective case series of anti-VEGF injections was 144/510,396 (0.028%; 1/3,544). Injections may be performed in an office-based location or in an operating room (OR) and low rates of endophthalmitis can be achieved in either location with careful attention to asepsis. Pre- or post-injection topical antibiotics have not been shown to be effective, and could select for more virulent microorganisms. Povidone-iodine prior to injection is accepted as the gold-standard antiseptic agent, but
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.