ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2016
Cytokine and chemokine alterations in tissue, CSF, and plasma in early presymptomatic phase of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), in a rat model of multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early CSF Biomarkers and Late Functional Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury. A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Trial
- Comparative Analysis of Mouse CSF Proteins in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model and Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination Model by Olink Proteomics.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Attenuating the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model improves preclinical evaluation of candidate multiple sclerosis therapeutics.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of HYCO-3, a dual action CO-releaser/Nrf2 activator.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- The role of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) in T cell-mediated immunopathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Short-term exposure to particulate matter triggers a selective alteration of plasma extracellular vesicle-packaged miRNAs in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Chemokines as therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis: a spatial and chronological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Impairment of spinal CSF flow precedes immune cell infiltration in an active EAE model.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Emodin attenuates inflammation and demyelination in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Increased expression of CSF1 in patients with eosinophilic asthma.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Article
- Article
- Microglia depletion as a therapeutic strategy: friend or foe in multiple sclerosis models?Neural regeneration research · 2023Review
- Synthesis and Comprehensive in Vivo Activity Profiling of Olean-12-en-28-ol, 3β-Pentacosanoate in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis: A Natural Remyelinating and Anti-Inflammatory Agent.Journal of natural products · 2023Article
- Retinal transcriptome profiling identifies novel candidate genes associated with visual impairment in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Animal cells and systems · 2023Article
- Transcriptomic changes in autophagy-related genes are inversely correlated with inflammation and are associated with multiple sclerosis lesion pathology.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2022Article
- Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling in the central nervous system and the potential of its pharmacological inhibitors to halt the progression of neurological disorders.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Review
- Triggering Innate Immune Receptors as New Therapies in Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.Cells · 2021Review
- Smek1 deficiency exacerbates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by activating proinflammatory microglia and suppressing the IDO1-AhR pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- Brain gray matter astroglia-specific connexin 43 ablation attenuates spinal cord inflammatory demyelination.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundExperimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used experimental animal model for human multiple sclerosis (MS) that has been used so far to study the acute and remission-relapsing phases of the disease. Despite the vast literature on neuroinflammation onset and progression in EAE, important questions are still open regarding in particular the early asymptomatic phase between immunization and clinical onset.
methodsIn this study, we performed a time-course investigation of neuroinflammation and demyelination biomarkers in the spinal cord (SC), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and blood in EAE induced in dark agouti (DA) female rats compared to the controls and adjuvant-injected rats, using high-throughput technologies for gene expression and protein assays and focusing on the time-course between immunization, clinical onset (1, 5, 8 days post-immunization (DPI)), and progression (11 and 18 DPI). The expression profile of 84 genes related to T cell activation/signaling, adaptive immunity, cytokine/chemokine inflammation, demyelination, and cellular stress were analyzed in the tissue; 24 cytokines were measured in the CSF and plasma.
resultsThe macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) was the first up-regulated protein as far as 1 DPI, not only in blood but also in CSF and SC. A treatment with GW2580, a selective CSF1R inhibitor, slowed the disease progression, significantly reduced the severity, and prevented the relapse phase. Moreover, both pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-10, VEGF) were up-regulated starting from 8 DPI. Myelin genes were down-regulated starting from 8 DPI, especially MAL, MBP, and PMP22 while an opposite expression profile was observed for inflammation-related genes, such as CXCL11 and CXCL10.
conclusionsThis early cytokine and chemokine regulation indicates that novel biomarkers and therapeutic options could be explored in the asymptomatic phase of EAE. Overall, our findings provide clear evidence that CSF1R signaling regulates inflammation in EAE, supporting therapeutic targeting of CSF1R in MS.
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