ArticlePloS one2016
Prevalence of Rickettsia spp. in Ticks and Serological and Clinical Outcomes in Tick-Bitten Individuals in Sweden and on the Åland Islands.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Laboratory Methods for Detection of Infectious Agents and Serological Response in Humans With Tick-Borne Infections: A Systematic Review of Evaluations Based on Clinical Patient Samples.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Distribution ofInternational journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Emerging pathogens of ocular infections due to environmental changes-what lies ahead?Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Are there other undiagnosed tick-borne infections in children being evaluated for Lyme neuroborreliosis?BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- High-throughput screening for tick-borne pathogens in Ixodid ticks collected through crowdsourcing in northern Sweden.Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Rickettsia spp. in finnish ixodid ticks.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Tick Control Strategies: Critical Insights into Chemical, Biological, Physical, and Integrated Approaches for Effective Hard Tick Management.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- [Emerging pathogens of ocular infections due to environmental changes-What lies ahead?]Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Identification ofInsects · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Value of IgA Antibody Measurement in Tick-Borne Spotted Fever (Astrakhan Rickettsial Fever).Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- Human Co-Infections betweenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Granulomatous mastitis caused by Rickettsia species.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Article
- A comprehensive clinical and laboratory evaluation of 224 patients with persistent symptoms attributed to presumed tick-bite exposure.PloS one · 2021Article
- The Tick-Borne Diseases STING study: Real-time PCR analysis of three emerging tick-borne pathogens in ticks that have bitten humans in different regions of Sweden and the Aland islands, Finland.Infection ecology & epidemiology · 2019Article
- Evidence of rickettsiae in Danish patients tested for Lyme neuroborreliosis: a retrospective study of archival samples.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Tick-borne pathogens in tick species infesting humans in Sibiu County, central Romania.Parasitology research · 2018Article
- Seroprevalence againstJournal of ophthalmology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tick-transmitted diseases are an emerging health problem, and the hard tick Ixodes ricinus is the main vector for Borrelia spp., tick-borne encephalitis virus and most of the spotted fever Rickettsiae in Europe. The aim of the present study was to examine the incidence of rickettsial infection in the southernmost and south central parts of Sweden and the Åland Islands in Finland, the risk of infection in humans and its correlation with a bite of a Rickettsia-infected tick, the self-reported symptoms of rickettsial disease, and the prevalence of co-infection between Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. Persons with a recent tick bite were enrolled through public media and asked to answer a questionnaire, provide a blood sample and bring detached ticks at enlistment and at follow-up three months later. Blood samples were previously analysed for Borrelia spp. antibodies and, for this report, analysed for antibodies to Rickettsia spp. by immunofluorescence and in 16 cases also using Western Blot. Ninety-six (44.0%) of the 218 participants were seropositive for IgG antibodies to Rickettsia spp. Forty (18.3%) of the seropositive participants had increased titres at the follow-up, indicating recent/current infection, while four (1.8%) had titres indicating probable recent/current infection (≥1:256). Of 472 ticks, 39 (8.3%) were Rickettsia sp. positive. Five (31.3%) of 16 participants bitten by a Rickettsia-infected tick seroconverted. Experience of the self-reported symptoms nausea (p = 0.006) and radiating pain (p = 0.041) was more common among those with recent, current or probable infection compared to those who did not seroconvert. Participants who showed seroreactivity or seroconversion to Rickettsia spp. had more symptoms than those who were seronegative. Seven (3.2%) participants showed seroconversion to Borrelia spp., and three (1.4%) of these showed seroconversion to both Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp., in accordance with previous studies in Sweden. Symptoms of rickettsial disease were in most of the cases vague and general that were difficult to differentiate from other tick-borne diseases.
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