Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27845763›Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2016

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids.

Roberta Gualdani, Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi, Giovanni Lentini, Solomon Habtemariam

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Compromised blood-brain barrier in traumatic brain injury model ofIranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2026
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  11. Review
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  13. Phytochemicals Controlling EnterohemorrhagicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Nutrients · 2024
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Roberta GualdaniDepartment of Chemistry "U. Shiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Florence 50019, Italy. roberta.gualdani@unifi.it.
Maria Maddalena CavalluzziDepartment of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona n. 4, Bari 70126, Italy. mariamaddalena.cavalluzzi@uniba.it.
Giovanni LentiniDepartment of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro, Via E. Orabona n. 4, Bari 70126, Italy. giovanni.lentini@uniba.it.
Solomon HabtemariamPharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Charham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK. s.habtemariam@herbalanalysis.co.uk.
University of Bari Aldo Moro · ITUniversity of Florence · ITUniversity of Greenwich · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.

Indexed as

CitrusHumansLimoninsMolecular StructurePlant ExtractsStructure-Activity RelationshipLimoninsPlant Extractsanticancerantidiabeticantiinflammatoryantimicrobialantioxidantcitrus limonoidsdevelopabilityinsecticidallead compoundligand efficiency metricsstructure-activity relationshipstetranortriterpenoids

Identifiers

PMID27845763
PMCPMC6273274
OpenAlexW2549650554

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.