SynthesisScientific reports2016
Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- A pilot study of neuroprotective effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Cerebral Infarction: Epidemiology, Classification, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Article
- Effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in functional outcome of acute spinal cord injury patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Comorbidities and Angiogenic Regulators Affect Endothelial Progenitor Cell Subtype Numbers in a Healthy Volunteer Control Group.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Article
- Intersecting Pathways: The Role of Metabolic Dysregulation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, and Inflammation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis and Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Neural regeneration in the human central nervous system-from understanding the underlying mechanisms to developing treatments. Where do we stand today?Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- The role of G-CSF neuroprotective effects in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE): current status.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- Angiogenesis Biomarkers in Ischemic Stroke Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2021Article
- Biomechanics and hemodynamics of stent-retrievers.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Review
- Article
- Monoclonal antibody as an emerging therapy for acute ischemic stroke.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2020Review
- Communications Between Peripheral and the Brain-Resident Immune System in Neuronal Regeneration After Stroke.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Increased CD68/TGFβ Co-expressing Microglia/ Macrophages after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rhesus Monkeys.Experimental neurobiology · 2019Article
- Cancer-associated stroke: Pathophysiology, detection and management (Review).International journal of oncology · 2019Review
- Emergent Prophylactic, Reparative and Restorative Brain Interventions for Infants Born Preterm With Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- The therapeutic potential of the mesenchymal stem cell secretome in ischaemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Review
- Vigorous exercise mobilizes CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells to peripheral blood via the βBrain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Treatments to Promote Neural Repair after Stroke.Journal of stroke · 2018Review
- Interleukin-1 primes human mesenchymal stem cells towards an anti-inflammatory and pro-trophic phenotype in vitro.Stem cell research & therapy · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may enhance recovery from stroke through neuroprotective mechanisms if administered early, or neurorepair if given later. Several small trials suggest administration is safe but effects on efficacy are unclear. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing G-CSF in patients with hyperacute, acute, subacute or chronic stroke, and asked Investigators to share individual patient data on baseline characteristics, stroke severity and type, end-of-trial modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index, haematological parameters, serious adverse events and death. Multiple variable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, baseline severity and time-to-treatment. Individual patient data were obtained for 6 of 10 RCTs comprising 196 stroke patients (116 G-CSF, 80 placebo), mean age 67.1 (SD 12.9), 92% ischaemic, median NIHSS 10 (IQR 5-15), randomised 11 days (interquartile range IQR 4-238) post ictus; data from three commercial trials were not shared. G-CSF did not improve mRS (ordinal regression), odds ratio OR 1.12 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.96, p = 0.62). There were more patients with a serious adverse event in the G-CSF group (29.6% versus 7.5%, p = 0.07) with no significant difference in all-cause mortality (G-CSF 11.2%, placebo 7.6%, p = 0.4). Overall, G-CSF did not improve stroke outcome in this individual patient data meta-analysis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.