ReviewCNS drugs2016
B Cell-Directed Therapeutics in Multiple Sclerosis: Rationale and Clinical Evidence.
Review in CNS drugs, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial.Annals of neurology · 2018Trial
- GPX1 and RCN1 as New Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tissue and Their Involvement in the APP-CD74 Pathway: An Integrated Study Combining Machine Learning and Multi-Omics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Effect of Fingolimod on Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.Cureus · 2024Article
- Neuropathogenic role of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunction of peripheral immune cells in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Pioneering the Path Towards Treatment of Progression?CNS drugs · 2022Review
- Breaching Brain Barriers: B Cell Migration in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- B Cells in the CNS at Postmortem Are Associated With Worse Outcome and Cell Types in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Distribution and efficacy of ofatumumab and ocrelizumab in humanized CD20 mice following subcutaneous or intravenous administration.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Siponimod Inhibits the Formation of Meningeal Ectopic Lymphoid Tissue in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Anti-inflammatory Therapy by Cholinergic and Purinergic Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Molecular neurobiology · 2021Review
- Astrocytes & Astrocyte derived Extracellular Vesicles in Morphine Induced Amyloidopathy: Implications for Cognitive Deficits in Opiate Abusers.Aging and disease · 2021Article
- B Cells and Antibodies as Targets of Therapeutic Intervention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Targeting Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Pathologies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Targeting B Cells to Modify MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD: Part 1.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Review
- Antidepressants on Multiple Sclerosis: A Review ofFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase interferes with pathogenic B-cell development in inflammatory CNS demyelinating disease.Acta neuropathologica · 2020Article
- [Ocrelizumab for treatment of multiple sclerosis].Der Nervenarzt · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last decade, evidence condensed that B cells, B cell-derived plasma cells and antibodies play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). In many patients with MS, peripheral B cells show signs of chronic activation; within the cerebrospinal fluid clonally expanded plasma cells produce oligoclonal immunoglobulins, which remain a hallmark diagnostic finding. Confirming the clinical relevance of these immunological alterations, recent trials testing anti-CD20-mediated depletion of peripheral B cells showed an instantaneous halt in development of new central nervous system lesions and occurrence of relapses. Notwithstanding this enormous success, not all B cells or B cell subsets may contribute in a pathogenic manner, and may, in contrast, exert anti-inflammatory and, thus, therapeutically desirable properties in MS. Naïve B cells, in MS patients similar to healthy controls, are a relevant source of regulatory cytokines such as interleukin-10, which dampens the activity of other immune cells and promotes recovery from acute disease flares in experimental MS models. In this review, we describe in detail pathogenic but also regulatory properties of B and plasma cells in the context of MS and its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In the second part, we review what impact current and future therapies may have on these B cell properties. Within this section, we focus on the highly encouraging data on anti-CD20 antibodies as future therapy for MS. Lastly, we discuss how B cell-directed therapy in MS could be possibly advanced even further in regard to efficacy and safety by integrating the emerging information on B cell regulation in MS into future therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.