Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27844187›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutical research2017

Multifractal Characterization of Pharmaceutical Hot-Melt Extrudates.

Camille Adler, Alexandra Teleki, Martin Kuentz

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Camille AdlerInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland.
Alexandra TelekiDSM Nutritional Products Ltd., R&D Center Formulation & Application, P.O. Box 2676, 4002, Basel, Switzerland.
Martin KuentzInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland. martin.kuentz@fhnw.ch.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMultifractal geometry has become a powerful tool to describe complex structures in many fields. Our first aim was to combine imaging and multifractal analysis to better understand the microstructure of pharmaceutical extrudates. A second objective was to study erosion/dispersion behavior of the formulations because it would condition release of any drug.

methodsDifferent formulations containing a lipid, a polymer and different silica based inorganic carriers were produced by hot-melt extrusion at various screw speeds. Multifractal analysis was based on scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy images. This microstructural analysis was complemented with dynamic optical imaging of formulation erosion/dispersion behavior.

resultsMultifractal analysis indicated that inorganic carrier type and concentration as well as the screw speed affected the microstructure of the extrudates. The aqueous erosion/dispersion study showed that only the type and concentration of inorganic carrier were important.

conclusionsThe use of microstructural and dispersion analysis appeared to be complementary to better characterize and understand complex formulations obtained by hot-melt extrusion.

Indexed as

Calorimetry, Differential ScanningChemistry, PharmaceuticalDrug CarriersHot TemperatureLipidsMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningPharmaceutical PreparationsPolymersSilicon DioxideX-Ray DiffractionDrug CarriersLipidsPharmaceutical PreparationsPolymersSilicon Dioxidedispersionhot-melt extrusioninorganic carriermultifractalscanning electron microscopy

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.