ArticleMolecular psychiatry2017
The bacterial peptidoglycan-sensing molecule Pglyrp2 modulates brain development and behavior.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial proteins regulating neuroinflammation.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Peptidoglycan recognition proteins in the brain: Role in neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Neonatal enteric infection disrupts the microbiota-gut-brain axis through pattern recognition receptors and altered neuroimmune signaling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Early-life microbiota disruption-induced deficits in the social brain are sensitive to diet.iScience · 2026Article
- The gut as a central hub for multi-organ crosstalk in aging.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Cell surface polysaccharides in the gut microbiota: occurrence, structure and role.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Compositional analysis of bacterial peptidoglycan: insights from peptidoglycomics into structure and function.Journal of bacteriology · 2025Review
- Article
- Gut: The gate and key to brain.Chinese medical journal · 2025Review
- Severe Cognitive Decline in Long-term Care Is Related to Gut Microbiome Production of Metabolites Involved in Neurotransmission, Immunomodulation, and Autophagy.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Age- and Sex-Specific Gut Microbiota Signatures Associated with Dementia-Related Brain Pathologies: An LEfSe-Based Metagenomic Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Synthetic High-Throughput Microarrays of Peptidoglycan Fragments as a Novel Sero-Diagnostic Tool for Patient Antibody Profiling.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Review
- Clock Proteins Have the Potential to Improve Term Delivery Date Prediction: A Proof-of-Concept Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The microbiota-gut-brain axis: a potential target in the small-molecule compounds and gene therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Effects of Microbes on Insect Host Physiology and Behavior Mediated by the Host Immune System.Insects · 2025Review
- Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Microbiome: A Key Regulator of Body-Brain Interactions.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Bacterial peptidoglycan levels have brain area, time of day, and sleep loss-induced fluctuations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Peptidoglycan recognition protein PGRP-5 is involved in immune defence and neuro-behavioral disorders in zebrafish embryos.PloS one · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we show that bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from the commensal gut microbiota can be translocated into the brain and sensed by specific pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system. Using expression-profiling techniques, we demonstrate that two families of PRRs that specifically detect PGN (that is, PGN-recognition proteins and NOD-like receptors), and the PGN transporter PepT1 are highly expressed in the developing brain during specific windows of postnatal development in both males and females. Moreover, we show that the expression of several PGN-sensing molecules and PepT1 in the developing striatum is sensitive to manipulations of the gut microbiota (that is, germ-free conditions and antibiotic treatment). Finally, we used the PGN-recognition protein 2 (Pglyrp2) knockout mice to examine the potential influence of PGN-sensing molecules on brain development and behavior. We demonstrate that the absence of Pglyrp2 leads to alterations in the expression of the autism risk gene c-Met, and sex-dependent changes in social behavior, similar to mice with manipulated microbiota. These findings suggest that the central activation of PRRs by microbial products could be one of the signaling pathways mediating the communication between the gut microbiota and the developing brain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.