ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Netarsudil Increases Outflow Facility in Human Eyes Through Multiple Mechanisms.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- MERCURY-3: a randomized comparison of netarsudil/latanoprost and bimatoprost/timolol in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Trial
- Phase 3 Clinical Trial Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Netarsudil to Ripasudil in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension: Japan Rho Kinase Elevated Intraocular Pressure Treatment Trial (J-ROCKET).Advances in therapy · 2023Trial
- Aqueous column changes in the episcleral veins after the instillation of ripasudil versus latanoprost: a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Study of Netarsudil Ophthalmic Solution in Japanese Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension.Advances in therapy · 2021Trial
- Pooled Efficacy and Safety Profile of Netarsudil Ophthalmic Solution 0.02% in Patients With Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension.Journal of glaucoma · 2020Trial
- Fixed-Dose Combination of Netarsudil and Latanoprost in Ocular Hypertension and Open-Angle Glaucoma: Pooled Efficacy/Safety Analysis of Phase 3 MERCURY-1 and -2.Advances in therapy · 2020Trial
- The Effects of Netarsudil Ophthalmic Solution on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in a Randomized Study in Humans.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2018Trial
- Effects of Ripasudil Hydrochloride Hydrate-Brimonidine Tartrate Fixed-Dose Combination Using Rho Kinase Inhibitor and Alpha2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist on Aqueous Column in the Episcleral Vein: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Crossover Clinical Trial (ROCK Alpha-Aqua Study).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of cytotoxicity, wound healing, and anti-inflammatory effects of netarsudil on human corneal epithelial cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Investigating therapeutic response to netarsudil in glaucoma subjects with theFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Investigation of two pore types in Schlemm's canal inner wall endothelium in flow-type areas using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- A real-world pharmacovigilance study of netarsudil based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- Rho/ROCK Pathway as a Therapeutic Target in Multiple Diseases.International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2025Article
- Artificial Trabecular Meshwork Structure Combining Melt Electrowriting and Solution Electrospinning.Polymers · 2024Article
- Rho Kinase Inhibitors: Strategies in Glaucoma Treatment in Older Adults.Drugs & aging · 2024Review
- Effect of a fixed combination of ripasudil and brimonidine on aqueous humor dynamics in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Segmental Unconventional Outflow in Mouse Eyes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Nanofibrous PCL-Based Human Trabecular Meshwork for Aqueous Humor Outflow Studies.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2023Article
- Development and testing of a metabolic chamber for effluent collection during whole eye perfusions.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Pressure Clamping During Ocular Perfusions Drives Nitric Oxide-Mediated Washout.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeNetarsudil is a Rho kinase/norepinephrine transporter inhibitor currently in phase 3 clinical development for glaucoma treatment. We investigated the effects of its active metabolite, netarsudil-M1, on outflow facility (C), outflow hydrodynamics, and morphology of the conventional outflow pathway in enucleated human eyes.
methodsPaired human eyes (n = 5) were perfused with either 0.3 μM netarsudil-M1 or vehicle solution at constant pressure (15 mm Hg). After 3 hours, fluorescent microspheres were added to perfusion media to trace the outflow patterns before perfusion-fixation. The percentage effective filtration length (PEFL) was calculated from the measured lengths of tracer distribution in the trabecular meshwork (TM), episcleral veins (ESVs), and along the inner wall (IW) of Schlemm's canal after global and confocal imaging. Morphologic changes along the trabecular outflow pathway were investigated by confocal, light, and electron microscopy.
resultsPerfusion with netarsudil-M1 significantly increased C when compared to baseline (51%, P < 0.01) and to paired controls (102%, P < 0.01), as well as significantly increased PEFL in both IW (P < 0.05) and ESVs (P < 0.01). In treated eyes, PEFL was significantly higher in ESVs than in the IW (P < 0.01) and was associated with increased cross-sectional area of ESVs (P < 0.01). Percentage effective filtration length in ESVs positively correlated with the percentage change in C (R2 = 0.58, P = 0.01). A significant increase in juxtacanalicular connective tissue (JCT) thickness (P < 0.05) was found in treated eyes compared to controls.
conclusionsNetarsudil acutely increased C by expansion of the JCT and dilating the ESVs, which led to redistribution of aqueous outflow through a larger area of the IW and ESVs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.