ReviewDevelopmental biology2017
Saunders's framework for understanding limb development as a platform for investigating limb evolution.
Review in Developmental biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transient cartilages and interdigital vasculature organization in the embryonic duck foot.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Evolution of limb and digit identity genes since the tetrapod ancestor.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Grass inflorescence morphodynamics guides yield improvement in wheat.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Metamorphosis and lncRNAs: A Close Relationship.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2026Review
- Static morphogen scaling enables proportional growth in a tissue growth model inspired by axolotl limb regeneration.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Proximal phalanges of digit 1 have different identities in the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the mouse.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Adaptive evolution ofZoological research · 2025Article
- The pathogenic mechanism of syndactyly type V identified in a Hoxd13Q50R knock-in mice.Bone research · 2024Article
- An archetype and scaling of developmental tissue dynamics across species.Nature communications · 2023Article
- (Non)Parallel developmental mechanisms in vertebrate appendage reduction and loss.Ecology and evolution · 2021Review
- Limb positioning and initiation: An evolutionary context of pattern and formation.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2021Review
- Non-model systems in mammalian forelimb evo-devo.Current opinion in genetics & development · 2021Review
- Developmental mechanisms underlying webbed foot morphological diversity in waterbirds.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Evidence of five digits in embryonic horses and developmental stabilization of tetrapod digit number.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Evolution of Endothelin signaling and diversification of adult pigment pattern in Danio fishes.PLoS genetics · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
John W. Saunders, Jr. made seminal discoveries unveiling how chick embryos develop their limbs. He discovered the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA), and the domains of interdigital cell death within the developing limb and determined their function through experimental analysis. These discoveries provided the basis for subsequent molecular understanding of how vertebrate limbs are induced, patterned, and differentiated. These mechanisms are strongly conserved among the vast diversity of tetrapod limbs suggesting that relatively minor changes and tweaks to the molecular cascades are responsible for the diversity observed in nature. Analysis of the pathway systems first identified by Saunders in the context of animals displaying limb reduction show how alterations in these pathways have resulted in multiple mechanisms of limb and digit loss. Other classes of modification to these same patterning systems are seen at the root of other, novel limb morphological alterations and elaborations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.