ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2016
Refractive errors.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism-a systematic review.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Lighting in the Home and Health: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Refractive Error and Eye Health: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Contact lenses alter accommodative dynamics but enhance stereopsis in myopic anisometropia: A comparative study with ophthalmic lenses.Journal of optometry · 2026Article
- Mapping the NEI-VFQ-25 scores to the EQ-5D-Y-3L and CHU-9D utility values among adolescents with myopia.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Regional choroidal perfusion deficits and vector-based choroidal associations in adolescent astigmatism.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Value and Optical Performance of Small-Aperture Intraocular Implants: A Systematic Review.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Outcomes of keraring implantation for high regular astigmatism in non-ectatic corneas: A prospective pilot case series.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Population Dynamic Projections of Near Vision Loss and Refractive Disorders in China and the G20 From 1990 to 2038.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Early Real-World Clinical Outcomes and Astigmatism Vector Analysis of Toric Intraocular Lenses for High Astigmatism (≥2.0 D).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Agreement of wavefront-based refraction with autorefraction and manifest refraction across refractive and astigmatic profiles in refractive surgery candidates.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Recurrent and persistent refractive errors after restarting isotretinoin treatment: a case report.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Effects of Imposed Defocus on Inhibitor of DNA-Binding Gene Expression in Chick Posterior Ocular Tissues.Cells · 2025Article
- Replacing the vitreous body with hydrogels: Rationale and strategies.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Causal association between different types of ametropia and risk of diabetic retinopathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Wearable health devices for pediatric ophthalmology.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Vision Defects on Tooth Shade Selection: A Comparative of Spectrophotometry and Shade Guides in a Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Binocular Vision Anomalies and Refractive Error Among High School Students in Southern Trinidad: A Cross-Sectional Study.The British and Irish orthoptic journal · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction surgery and postoperative care among recipients.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Accelerometer-Measured Daily Behaviors That Mediate the Association Between Refractive Status and Depressive Disorders.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on bySome Additions.2017
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAll over the world, refractive errors are among the most frequently occuring treatable distur - bances of visual function. Ametropias have a prevalence of nearly 70% among adults in Germany and are thus of great epidemiologic and socio-economic relevance.
methodsIn the light of their own clinical experience, the authors review pertinent articles retrieved by a selective literature search employing the terms "ametropia, "anisometropia," "refraction," "visual acuity," and epidemiology."
resultsIn 2011, only 31% of persons over age 16 in Germany did not use any kind of visual aid; 63.4% wore eyeglasses and 5.3% wore contact lenses. Refractive errors were the most common reason for consulting an ophthalmologist, accounting for 21.1% of all outpatient visits. A pinhole aperture (stenopeic slit) is a suitable instrument for the basic diagnostic evaluation of impaired visual function due to optical factors. Spherical refractive errors (myopia and hyperopia), cylindrical refractive errors (astigmatism), unequal refractive errors in the two eyes (anisometropia), and the typical optical disturbance of old age (presbyopia) cause specific functional limitations and can be detected by a physician who does not need to be an ophthalmologist.
conclusionSimple functional tests can be used in everyday clinical practice to determine quickly, easily, and safely whether the patient is suffering from a benign and easily correctable type of visual impairment, or whether there are other, more serious underlying causes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.