Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27838825›Full record

ReviewJournal of children's orthopaedics2016

The biology of bone lengthening.

Ivan Hvid, Joachim Horn, Stefan Huhnstock, Harald Steen

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of children's orthopaedics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Progress in immunoregulatory mechanisms during distraction osteogenesis.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The effect of intermittent parathyroid hormone on bone lengthening: current evidence to inform future effective interventions.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2023
    Review
  9. Longitudinal 3T MRI TJournal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Limb lengthening history, evolution, complications and current concepts.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2020
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ivan HvidSection of Pediatric and Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway. ivhvid2@ous-hf.no.
Joachim HornSection of Pediatric and Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
Stefan HuhnstockSection of Pediatric and Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
Harald SteenSection of Pediatric and Reconstructive Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo University Hospital · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis biologically resembles fracture healing with distinctive characteristics notably in the distraction phase of osteogenesis. In the latency phase of bone lengthening, like in the inflammatory phase of fracture repair, interleukines are released and act with growth factors released from platelets in the local haematoma, leading to attraction, proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts and other differentiated mesenchymal cells. These in turn produce matrix, collagen fibers and growth factors. A callus containing cells, collagen fibers, osteoid and cartilage matrix is formed. Provided stable fixation, distraction will trigger intramembranous bone formation. As distraction proceeds, the distraction gap develops five distinctive zones with unmineralized bone in the middle, remodelling bone peripherally, and mineralizing bone in between. During consolidation, the high concentration of anabolic growth factors in the regenerate diminishes with time as remodelling takes over to form mature cortical and cancellous bone. Systemic disease, congenital bone deficiencies, medications and substance abuse can influence the quality and quantity of regenerate bone, usually in a negative way. The regenerate bone can be manipulated when needed by using injection of mesenchymal stem cells and platelets, growth factors (BMP-2 and -7), and systemic medications (bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone). Growth factors and systemic anabolic and antiresorptive drugs are prescribed on special indications, while distraction osteogenesis is not an authorized indication. To some extent, however, these compounds can be used off-label. Use in children presents special problems since growth factors and specific anabolic medications may involve a risk of inducing cancer.

Indexed as

BiologyBoneGrowth factorsLengtheningPlateletsStem cells

Identifiers

PMID27838825
PMCPMC5145830
OpenAlexW2551804805

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.