Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27836288›Full record

Observational studyThe Journal of pediatrics2017

Breastfeeding, Mixed, or Formula Feeding at 9 Months of Age and the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Two Cohorts of Infants in China.

Katy M Clark, Ming Li, Bingquan Zhu, Furong Liang, Jie Shao, Yueyang Zhang, Chai Ji, Zhengyan Zhao, Niko Kaciroti, Betsy Lozoff

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · greenAbstract readComparative StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Journal of pediatrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00613717 nacompletednot on this map

Timing, Duration and Severity of Infant Iron Deficiency: Developmental Impacts

TypeinterventionalSponsorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)Ran2009 to 2014Enrolled2,371ConditionsIron Deficiency Anemia, Iron DeficiencyArmsfolic acid + iron prenatally, vits A & D + iron postnatally, folic acid + iron prenatally, vitamins A & D postnatally, folic acid prenatally, vitamins A & D + iron postnatally, folic acid prenatally, vitamins A & D postnatally
NCT00642863 nacompletednot on this map

Brain and Behavior Depending on Timing of Iron Deficiency in Human Infants

TypeinterventionalSponsorEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)Ran2008 to 2014Enrolled1,614ConditionsIron Deficiency, Iron Deficiency AnemiaArmsFerrous Sulfate (liquid) + vitamins A and D, vitamins A and D, Ferrous sulfate (liquid)
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Katy M ClarkCenter for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Ming LiDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Bingquan ZhuDepartment of Child Health Care, Zhejiang University Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Furong LiangDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jie ShaoDepartment of Child Health Care, Zhejiang University Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Yueyang ZhangDepartment of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Chai JiDepartment of Child Health Care, Zhejiang University Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Zhengyan ZhaoDepartment of Child Health Care, Zhejiang University Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
Niko KacirotiCenter for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Betsy LozoffCenter for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, CS Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University · CNPeking University · CNUniversity of Michigan · USC. S. Mott Children's Hospital · US

Funding

STATISTICAL COREP01HD039386 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI COE, CHRISTOPHER · 2001 to 2011
$14.0M
NEUROMATURATION DELAYS IN IRON DEFICIENT ANEMIC INFANTSR01HD033487 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GAHAGAN, SHEILA, LOZOFF, BETSY · 1997 to 2016
$8.8M
Timing, Duration and Severity of Infant Iron Deficiency: Developmental ImpactsR01HD052069 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI LOZOFF, BETSY · 2007 to 2011
$3.9M
NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD039386NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD033487NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD052069
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess associations between breastfeeding and iron status at 9 months of age in 2 samples of Chinese infants. STUDY

designAssociations between feeding at 9 months of age (breastfed as sole milk source, mixed fed, or formula fed) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency, and iron sufficiency were determined in infants from Zhejiang (n = 142) and Hebei (n= 813) provinces. Iron deficiency was defined as body iron < 0 mg/kg, and IDA as iron deficiency + hemoglobin < 110 g/L. Multiple logistic regression assessed associations between feeding pattern and iron status.

resultsBreastfeeding was associated with iron status (P < .001). In Zhejiang, 27.5% of breastfed infants had IDA compared with 0% of formula-fed infants. The odds of iron deficiency/IDA were increased in breastfed and mixed-fed infants compared with formula-fed infants: breastfed vs formula-fed OR, 28.8 (95% CI, 3.7-226.4) and mixed-fed vs formula-fed OR, 11.0 (95% CI, 1.2-103.2). In Hebei, 44.0% of breastfed infants had IDA compared with 2.8% of formula-fed infants. With covariable adjustment, odds of IDA were increased in breastfed and mixed-fed groups: breastfed vs formula-fed OR, 78.8 (95% CI, 27.2-228.1) and mixed-fed vs formula-fed OR, 21.0 (95% CI, 7.3-60.9).

conclusionsIn both cohorts, the odds of iron deficiency/IDA at 9 months of age were increased in breastfed and mixed-fed infants, and iron deficiency/IDA was common. Although the benefits of breastfeeding are indisputable, these findings add to the evidence that breastfeeding in later infancy identifies infants at risk for iron deficiency/IDA in many settings. Protocols for detecting and preventing iron deficiency/IDA in breastfed infants are needed.

trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00642863 and NCT00613717.

Indexed as

Infant FormulaAnemia, Iron-DeficiencyBreast FeedingChinaCohort StudiesConfidence IntervalsFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansInfantIronLogistic ModelsMaleOdds RatioPrevalenceRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicIronbreastfeedingfeedinghumaniron deficiency

Identifiers

PMID27836288
PMCPMC5274569
OpenAlexW2555276357

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.