ArticleOncotarget2016
Immunoscore encompassing CD3+ and CD8+ T cell densities in distant metastasis is a robust prognostic marker for advanced colorectal cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Imaging of tumour response to immunotherapy.European radiology experimental · 2020Pooled it
- The prognostic value of immunoscore in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer medicine · 2019Pooled it
- The Prognostic and Clinicopathological Roles of PD-L1 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Abundant intratumoral fibrosis prevents lymphocyte infiltration into peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells Are More Abundant in Lung Metastases From Colorectal Cancer Than in Paired Primary Tumors and Their Prognostic Value Depends on Adjuvant Chemotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- RSU1 Mediates Caco-2 Colorectal Cancer Cells Proliferation and Migration via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
- Association of EnterotoxigenicCancers · 2025Article
- CD45RO-Positive Memory T-Cell Density in the Tumoral Core and Invasive Margin Predict Long-Term Survival in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- The Role of Macrophages in Various Types of Tumors and the Possibility of Their Use as Targets for Antitumor Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Immunoscore CD3/CD8 and FOXP3 Expression Correlate to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Infiltration characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Immune Contexture in Canine Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma: Immunohistochemical Quantification of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Image Analysis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Inverse Correlation betweenCancers · 2024Article
- The Demographic Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patients in Indonesia: Insights from a Single Center Experience and Exploration of Immune Response and Survival Outcomes.F1000Research · 2024Article
- Exploring immune status in peripheral blood and tumor tissue in association with survival in patients with multi-organ metastatic colorectal cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer - organization and immune cell interactions.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Intra-tumoral lymphocyte scoring in colorectal cancer: improving prognostic utility and correlation with underlying cancer biology.Frontiers in gastroenterology (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prognostic Implications of LRP1B and Its Relationship with the Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Gastric Cancer.Cancers · 2023Article
- Macrophage's role in solid tumors: two edges of a sword.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe immunoscore (IS), an index based on the density of CD3+ and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in the tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM), has gained considerable attention as a prognostic marker. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have also been reported to have prognostic value. However, its clinical significance has not been fully clarified in patients with advanced CRC who present with distant metastases.
methodsThe density of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, FOXP3+, CD68+, and CD163+ immune cells within CRC tissue procured from three sites-the primary CT, IM, and distant metastasis (DM)-was determined using immunohistochemistry and digital image analyzer (n=196). The IS was obtained by quantifying the densities of CD3+ and CD8+ TILs in the CT and IM. IS-metastatic and IS-macrophage-additional IS models designed in this study-were obtained by adding the score of CD3 and CD8 in DM and the score of CD163 in primary tumors (CT and IM), respectively, to the IS.
resultsHigher IS, IS-metastatic, and IS-macrophage values were significantly correlated with better prognosis (p=0.020, p≤0.001, and p=0.005, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that only IS-metastatic was an independent prognostic marker (p=0.012). No significant correlation was observed between KRAS mutation and three IS models. However, in the subgroup analysis, IS-metastatic showed a prognostic association regardless of the KRAS mutational status.
conclusionsIS is a reproducible method for predicting the survival of patients with advanced CRC. Additionally, an IS including the CD3+ and CD8+ TIL densities at DM could be a strong prognostic marker for advanced CRC.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.