ArticleOncotarget2016
Elevated serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels during radiotherapy predict favorable outcomes in lung and esophageal cancer.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- The prognostic and predictive value of peripheral immune-related proteins in patients with lung cancer treated with radiotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Combination treatment with anti-HER2 therapeutic antibody RC48, PD-1 inhibitor, radiotherapy, and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in patient with metastatic gastric cancer: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Efficacy of early combination of local radiotherapy and GM-CSF for advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with icotinib.Irish journal of medical science · 2020Article
- Novel role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: antitumor effects through inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The combination of exogenous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with radiotherapy (RT) has been demonstrated to strengthen the antitumor immune response. We hypothesized that the variation of GM-CSF during RT was correlated with cancer prognosis. We measured serum levels of GM-CSF and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) before and during RT in 126 unresectable lung and esophageal cancer patients and performed survival analyses. Upregulated GM-CSF levels during RT correlated with longer overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). On the other hand, no difference in OS or PFS was seen at different IFN-γ levels. However, the "integrated factor", computed as the combination of high pre-RT IFN-γ levels and upregulated GM-CSF, correlated with prolonged OS and PFS. Multivariate analyses revealed that GM-CSF levels and the integrated factor were both stronger independent prognostic factors than disease stage. These data demonstrate that GM-CSF levels during RT can be used as a prognostic biomarker for lung and esophageal cancer.
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Registered trials
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