ArticleOncotarget2016
Apocynin attenuates angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cells osteogenic switching via suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decoding vascular calcification: mechanistic insights and translational strategies.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Vasoconstriction-inhibiting factor: an endogenous inhibitor of vascular calcification as a calcimimetic of calcium-sensing receptor.Cardiovascular research · 2025Article
- Dietary lycopene is negatively associated with abdominal aortic calcification in US adults: a cross-sectional study.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Oxidative Stress in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis: Protective Role of Natural Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Dextromethorphan Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inhibits Uremic Artery Calcification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The protective effects of renin-angiotensin system componts on vascular calcification.Journal of human hypertension · 2021Article
- Circadian rhythm disorder: a potential inducer of vascular calcification?Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2020Review
- Regulation of Vascular Calcification by Reactive Oxygen Species.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- RANKL treatment of vascular endothelial cells leading to paracrine pro-calcific signaling involves ROS production.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2020Article
- Cortistatin exerts antiproliferation and antimigration effects in vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by Ang II through suppressing ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK and ERK5 signaling pathways.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Article
- Elastolytic activity of cysteine cathepsins K, S, and V promotes vascular calcification.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Natural and non-natural antioxidative compounds: potential candidates for treatment of vascular calcification.Cell death discovery · 2019Review
- Exosomes, the message transporters in vascular calcification.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2018Review
- Tetramethylpyrazine protects against high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cell injury through inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK, p38MAPK, and ERK.The Journal of international medical research · 2018Article
- Switch of the ovarian cancer cell to a calcifying phenotype in the calcification of ovarian cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2018Article
- A novel role of cellular interactions in vascular calcification.Journal of translational medicine · 2017Review
- The Involvement of Notch1-RBP-Jk/Msx2 Signaling Pathway in Aortic Calcification of Diabetic Nephropathy Rats.Journal of diabetes research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We recently reported that apocynin had benefits for preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, whether apocynin could attenuate VC is unknown. Here, we investigated the role of apocynin in VC and its underlying mechanisms. 163 participants with high or normal ankle-brachial index (ABI) were enrolled in this study for analyzing the demographic and biochemical data. In vitro, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were exposed to calcification medium containing b-glycerophosphate and angiotensin II (Ang II) for 24 hours. The results showed that serum level of Ang II was significantly increased in patients with high ABI (P<0.05). In cultured VSMCs, Ang II significantly exacerbated osteogenic switching. The expression of osteogenic phenotype markers, including bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN), were significantly upregulated, whereas contractile markers expression, including alpha smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and smooth muscle 22 alpha (SM22a) were simultaneously downregulated. However, these effects were greatly attenuated by apocynin. Apocynin enhanced expression of a-SMA by 5.3%, and reduced expression of BMP2, Runx2, OPN by 3.37%, 0.61% and 3.07%, respectively. Furthermore, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was upregulated by Ang II, and this effect was also reversed by apocynin. Intriguingly, pretreatment with U0126, an inhibitor of ERK1/2, had similar effects with apocynin. Apocynin may act as a novel molecular candidate to protect against VSMCs osteogenic switching through suppressing ERK1/2 pathway.
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