ArticlePloS one2016
14-Year Survey in a Swedish County Reveals a Pronounced Increase in Bloodstream Infections (BSI). Comorbidity - An Independent Risk Factor for Both BSI and Mortality.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of Q-linea ASTar rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing and potential impact in patients with gram-negative bloodstream infections.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Characteristics, incidence and outcome of polymicrobial bloodstream infections: a nationwide population-based study, Finland, 2004-2018.Infection · 2026Article
- Article
- Time Trends and Causes of Infection-Related Mortality Among Patients Starting Dialysis in Finland: A Nationwide Cohort Study.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Development of a Multiplexed qPCR Kit for the Detection of Bloodstream Infection.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Patients With Myocardial Injury due toThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
- Bloodstream Infection and Associated Factors at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2023: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study.BioMed research international · 2025Article
- Article
- Predictors of thirty-day mortality among patients with blood stream infection with WHO priority pathogens: single centre exploratory study from a referral teaching hospital in central India.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- The increasing incidence and mortality of bacteremia in Denmark from 2010 to 2022: a population-based nationwide cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Risk Factors for 30-Day Mortality of Community-Acquired Bloodstream Infection Patients in Changsha City, Hunan Province, China.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Effect of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy on mortality of patients with Gram-negative bloodstream infections: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Article
- Incidence, aetiology and temporal trend of bloodstream infections in southern Sweden from 2006 to 2019: a population-based study.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Article
- Usefulness of procalcitonin at admission as a risk-stratifying biomarker for 50-day in-hospital mortality among patients with community-acquired bloodstream infection: an observational cohort study.Biomarker research · 2023Article
- Association of Appropriate Empirical Antimicrobial Therapy With In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Bloodstream Infections in the US.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Estimation of Prevalence of Hospital-Acquired Blood Infections among Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Hospital in Oman over a Period of Five Years: A Cross-Sectional Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2023Article
- One-year mortality and years of potential life lost following bloodstream infection among adults: A nation-wide population based study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Unresolved issues in the epidemiology and diagnosis of bacteremia: an opinion paper.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2022Review
- Characteristics of bloodstream infection and initial antibiotic use in critically ill burn patients and their impact on patient prognosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveswe assessed the incidence, risk factors and outcome of BSI over a 14-year period (2000-2013) in a Swedish county.
methodsretrospective cohort study on culture confirmed BSI among patients in the county of Östergötland, Sweden, with approximately 440,000 inhabitants. A BSI was defined as either community-onset BSI (CO-BSI) or hospital-acquired BSI (HA-BSI).
resultsof a total of 11,480 BSIs, 67% were CO-BSI and 33% HA-BSI. The incidence of BSI increased by 64% from 945 to 1,546 per 100,000 hospital admissions per year during the study period. The most prominent increase, 83% was observed within the CO-BSI cohort whilst HA-BSI increased by 32%. Prescriptions of antibiotics in outpatient care decreased with 24% from 422 to 322 prescriptions dispensed/1,000 inhabitants/year, whereas antibiotics prescribed in hospital increased by 67% (from 424 to 709 DDD per 1,000 days of care). The overall 30-day mortality for HA-BSIs was 17.2%, compared to 10.6% for CO-BSIs, with an average yearly increase per 100,000 hospital admissions of 2 and 5% respectively. The proportion of patients with one or more comorbidities, increased from 20.8 to 55.3%. In multivariate analyses, risk factors for mortality within 30 days were: HA-BSI (2.22); two or more comorbidities (1.89); single comorbidity (1.56); CO-BSI (1.21); male (1.05); and high age (1.04).
conclusionthis survey revealed an alarming increase in the incidence of BSI over the 14-year study period. Interventions to decrease BSI in general should be considered together with robust antibiotic stewardship programmes to avoid both over- and underuse of antibiotics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.