ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Impact of Microbes on the Pathogenesis of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC).
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbiota in cholestatic diseases: crosstalk among bile composition, the biliary microbiome, and host immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Primary biliary cirrhosis and inflammatory bowel disease: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Genetic evidence for causal links between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune liver diseases.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota in the development and progression of chronic liver diseases: Gut microbiota-liver axis.World journal of hepatology · 2025Review
- Article
- Dynamic Changes in Intestinal Gene Expression and Microbiota across Chicken Egg-Laying Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: From Bench to Bedside.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Review
- Review
- State of the art in research on the gut-liver and gut-brain axis in poultry.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Review
- Role of the Gut-Liver Axis in the Pathobiology of Cholangiopathies: Basic and Clinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Ulcerative colitis complicated by primary sclerosing cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Linking Human Betaretrovirus with Autoimmunity and Liver Disease in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Viruses · 2022Review
- HLA, gut microbiome and hepatic autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Microbiota and viral hepatitis: State of the art of a complex matter.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- Autoimmune enteropathy and primary biliary cholangitis after proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis: A case report and review of the literature.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- The Gut Microbiota-Derived Immune Response in Chronic Liver Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Bile Acids and Microbiota: Multifaceted and Versatile Regulators of the Liver-Gut Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Disease severity and proton pump inhibitor use impact strongest on faecal microbiome composition in liver cirrhosis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2020Article
- Review
- The role of the gut microbiome in chronic liver disease: the clinical evidence revised.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represent the major clinical entities of chronic cholestatic liver diseases. Both disorders are characterized by portal inflammation and slowly progress to obliterative fibrosis and eventually liver cirrhosis. Although immune-pathogenic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PBC and PSC, neither disorder is considered to be a classical autoimmune disease, as PSC and PBC patients do not respond to immune-suppressants. Furthermore, the decreased bile flow resulting from the immune-mediated tissue assault and the subsequent accumulation of toxic bile products in PBC and PSC not only perpetuates biliary epithelial damage, but also alters the composition of the intestinal and biliary microbiota and its mutual interactions with the host. Consistent with the close association of PSC and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the polyclonal hyper IgM response in PBC and (auto-)antibodies which cross-react to microbial antigens in both diseases, an expansion of individual microbes leads to shifts in the composition of the intestinal or biliary microbiota and a subsequent altered integrity of epithelial layers, promoting microbial translocation. These changes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both devastating disorders. Thus, we will discuss here these recent findings in the context of novel and alternative therapeutic options.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.