ArticleCurrent neuropharmacology2017
Distribution of Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-210, RCS-4 and Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol After Intravenous Administration to Pigs.
Article in Current neuropharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- In vitro and in vivo metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid FUB-144: comprehensive phase I and II profiling using UHPLC-HRMS.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Article
- Synthetic cannabinoids in human post-mortem samples - ADB-BUTINACA and metabolites in three fatalities.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Systematic Characterization of In Vitro and In Vivo Metabolic Pathways and Identification of Novel Biomarkers of 26 Synthetic Cannabinoids.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Rat Brain Tissue After Single-Dose Administration of Different Formulations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Does a carboxamide moiety alter the toxicokinetics of synthetic cannabinoids? A study after pulmonary and intravenous administration of cumyl-5F-P7AICA to pigs.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Does a postmortem redistribution affect the concentrations of the 7 azaindole-derived synthetic cannabinoid 5F-MDMB-P7AICA in tissues and body fluids following pulmonary administration to pigs?Archives of toxicology · 2024Article
- Endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in the main species of veterinary interest: a comparative review.Veterinary research communications · 2024Review
- An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Unexpected results found in larvae samples from two postmortem forensic cases.Forensic toxicology · 2022Article
- Toxicokinetics of U-47700, tramadol, and their main metabolites in pigs following intravenous administration: is a multiple species allometric scaling approach useful for the extrapolation of toxicokinetic parameters to humans?Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Cytotoxicity, metabolism, and isozyme mapping of the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-200, A-796260, and 5F-EMB-PINACA studied by means of in vitro systems.Archives of toxicology · 2021Article
- A Systematic Study of the In Vitro Pharmacokinetics and Estimated Human In Vivo Clearance of Indole and Indazole-3-Carboxamide Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists Detected on the Illicit Drug Market.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Is adipose tissue suitable for detection of (synthetic) cannabinoids? A comparative study analyzing antemortem and postmortem specimens following pulmonary administration of JWH-210, RCS-4, as well as ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol to pigs.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- Time- and temperature-dependent postmortem concentration changes of the (synthetic) cannabinoids JWH-210, RCS-4, as well as ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol following pulmonary administration to pigs.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- EDITORIAL New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), a New Global Issue: Neuropharmacological, Chemical and Toxicological Aspects.Current neuropharmacologyArticle
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8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSynthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have become an increasing issue in forensic toxicology. Controlled human studies evaluating pharmacokinetic data of SCs are lacking and only few animal studies have been published. Thus, an interpretation of analytical results found in intoxicated or poisoned individuals is difficult. Therefore, the distribution of two selected SCs, namely 4-ethylnaphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-210) and 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(1- pentyl-indol-3-yl)methanone (RCS-4) as well as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) as reference were examined in pigs.
methodsPigs (n = 6 per drug) received a single intravenous 200 μg/kg BW dose of JWH-210, RCS- 4, or THC. Six hours after administration, the animals were exsanguinated and relevant organs, important body fluids such as bile, and tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue, as well as the bradytrophic specimens dura and vitreous humor were collected. After hydrolysis and solid phase extraction, analysis was performed by LC-MS/MS. To overcome matrix effects of the LC-MS/MS analysis, a standard addition method was applied for quantification.
resultsThe parent compounds could be detected in every analyzed specimen with the exception of THC that was not present in dura and vitreous humor. Moderate concentrations were present in brain, the site of biological effect. Metabolite concentrations were highest in tissues involved in metabolism and/or elimination Conclusions: Besides kidneys and lungs routinely analyzed in postmortem toxicology, brain, adipose, and muscle tissue could serve as alternative sources, particularly if other specimens are not available. Bile fluid is the most appropriate specimen for SCs and THC metabolites detection.
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