ArticleScientific reports2016
Re-visiting the Protamine-2 locus: deletion, but not haploinsufficiency, renders male mice infertile.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Higher-order genome architecture of spermatids guides chromatin assembly in mature sperm.Research square · 2026Article
- Abnormal Sperm Morphology in Lodpr/lncRNA-HSVIII Knockout Mice with Advancing Age.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Fertilization with Protamine-2 deficient sperm triggers abnormal pronucleus development and zygotic cleavage†.Biology of reproduction · 2026Article
- The role of nGPx4 in resisting DEHP-induced DNA damage and reducing caspase-independent cell death in male germ cells.Clinical and experimental reproductive medicine · 2026Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis of PKD1 in endometrial cancer and comparative multi-cancer study with renal cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Protamine lacunae preserve the paternal chromatin landscape in sperm.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Association of sperm protamine1 and protamine2 transcript content with paternal age: A cross-sectional study.International journal of reproductive biomedicine · 2025Article
- Germ cell depletion using HSV-TK in mouse testes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Coevolution and Adaptation of Transition Nuclear Proteins and Protamines in Naturally Ascrotal Mammals Support the Black Queen Hypothesis.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor Regulates Germ Cell Homeostasis, Sperm Quality, and Male Fertility via Akt-Foxo1 Pathway.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- PROTA: A Robust Tool for Protamine Prediction Using a Hybrid Approach of Machine Learning and Deep Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Correlation of sperm motility, acrosome integrity, protamine deficiency, and DNA fragmentation in proven and unproven Friesian Holstein bulls.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2024Article
- Sperm epigenetics and male infertility: unraveling the molecular puzzle.Human genomics · 2024Review
- Protamine 2 deficiency results in Septin 12 abnormalities.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Identification of heat shock protein70-2 and protamine-1 mRNA, proteins, and analyses of their association with fertility using frozen-thawed sperm in Madura bulls.Animal bioscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Actl7b deficiency leads to mislocalization of LC8 type dynein light chains and disruption of murine spermatogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Sperm chromatin structure and reproductive fitness are altered by substitution of a single amino acid in mouse protamine 1.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023Article
- Article
- SPAG17 mediates nuclear translocation of protamines during spermiogenesis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Protamines are arginine-rich DNA-binding proteins that replace histones in elongating spermatids. This leads to hypercondensation of chromatin and ensures physiological sperm morphology, thereby protecting DNA integrity. In mice and humans, two protamines, protamine-1 (Prm1) and protamine-2 (Prm2) are expressed in a species-specific ratio. In humans, alterations of this PRM1/PRM2 ratio is associated with subfertility. By applying CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene-editing in oocytes, we established Prm2-deficient mice. Surprisingly, heterozygous males remained fertile with sperm displaying normal head morphology and motility. In Prm2-deficient sperm, however, DNA-hypercondensation and acrosome formation was severely impaired. Further, the sperm displayed severe membrane defects resulting in immotility. Thus, lack of Prm2 leads not only to impaired histone to protamine exchange and disturbed DNA-hypercondensation, but also to severe membrane defects resulting in immotility. Interestingly, previous attempts using a regular gene-targeting approach failed to establish Prm2-deficient mice. This was due to the fact that already chimeric animals generated with Prm2
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