ArticleScientific reports2016
Delayed development of systemic immunity in preterm pigs as a model for preterm infants.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal enteral antibiotics reduce gut inflammation and delay systemic immune development in preterm pigs.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Interleukin-6 in complications of prematurity: from biomarker to targeted therapy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Article
- Skeletal consequences of preterm birth in pigs as a model for preterm infants.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2024Article
- Neonatal intestinal mucus barrier changes in response to maturity, inflammation, and sodium decanoate supplementation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Insulin-like growth factor 1 associated with altered immune responses in preterm infants and pigs.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Exploring functional metabolites and proteomics biomarkers in late-preterm and natural-born pigs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Early gut microbiota intervention in premature infants: Application perspectives.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- Neonatal prophylactic antibiotics after preterm birth affect plasma proteome and immune development in pigs.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Supplementation Promotes Brain Maturation in Preterm Pigs.eNeuro · 2023Article
- The Diversity ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- Release of HMGB1 and Toll-like Receptors 2, 4, and 9 Signaling Are Modulated byInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Preterm pigs for preterm birth research: reasonably feasible.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Association between duration of early empiric antibiotics and necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants: a multicenter cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Differential Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Responses to Acute Prenatal Endotoxin Exposure.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Review
- Clinical outcome and gut development after insulin-like growth factor-1 supplementation to preterm pigs.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Pre-digestion of the lipids in infant formula affects gut maturation of the preterm pig.PloS one · 2022Article
- Premature birth carries a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome: a cohort study.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preterm neonates are highly sensitive to systemic infections in early life but little is known about systemic immune development following preterm birth. We hypothesized that preterm neonates have immature systemic immunity with distinct developmental trajectory for the first several weeks of life, relative to those born at near-term or term. Using pigs as a model, we characterized blood leukocyte subsets, antimicrobial activities and TLR-mediated cytokine production during the first weeks after preterm birth. Relative to near-term and term pigs, newborn preterm pigs had low blood leukocyte counts, poor neutrophil phagocytic rate, and limited cytokine responses to TLR1/2/5/7/9 and NOD1/2 agonists. The preterm systemic responses remained immature during the first postnatal week, but thereafter showed increased blood leukocyte numbers, NK cell proportion, neutrophil phagocytic rate and TLR2-mediated IL-6 and TNF-α production. These immune parameters remained different between preterm and near-term pigs at 2-3 weeks, even when adjusted for post-conceptional age. Our data suggest that systemic immunity follows a distinct developmental trajectory following preterm birth that may be influenced by postnatal age, complications of prematurity and environmental factors. Consequently, the immediate postnatal period may represent a window of opportunity to improve innate immunity in preterm neonates by medical, antimicrobial or dietary interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.