ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2017
High Burden of Morbidity and Mortality but Not Growth Failure in Infants Exposed to but Uninfected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Tanzania.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trial of Vitamins Among Children of HIV-infected Women
A Trial of Zinc and Micronutrients in Tanzanian Children
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin A supplements for reducing mother-to-child HIV transmission.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation for women living with HIV in Tanzania: A randomized controlled trial.PLoS medicine · 2022Trial
- Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Functioning After In Utero Exposure to Triple-NRTI vs. Dual-NRTI + PI ART in a Randomized Trial, Botswana.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- Review
- Effects of HIV exposure on anemia and vitamin D nutritional status in children aged 6-24 months: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of HIV exposure without infection on hospital course and mortality among young children in sub-Saharan Africa: a multi-site cohort study.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- The safety and immunogenicity of vaccines administered to pregnant women living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Zinc supplementation for preventing mortality, morbidity, and growth failure in children aged 6 months to 12 years.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Review
- Characterization of longitudinal nasopharyngeal microbiome patterns in maternally HIV-exposed Zambian infants.Gates open research · 2022Article
- The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-uninfected South African Children: Findings From the Pneumonia Etiology Research for Child Health (PERCH) Study.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2021Article
- Role of Inflammation in Virus Pathogenesis during Pregnancy.Journal of virology · 2020Review
- Identifying Infants and Young Children at Risk of Unplanned Hospital Admissions and Clinic Visits in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Article
- Differences in Growth of HIV-exposed Uninfected Infants in Ethiopia According to Timing of In-utero Antiretroviral Therapy Exposure.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2020Article
- Maternal Immunization: Nature Meets Nurture.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Article
- Third Trimester Vitamin D Status Is Associated With Birth Outcomes and Linear Growth of HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants in the United States.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Article
- Observational
- Experiences of Fetal or Infant Loss among Tanzanian Women in HIV Care.Journal of loss & trauma · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation and Growth in Early Infancy are Associated with Stunting in Young Tanzanian Children.Nutrients · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare health and growth outcomes in children infected with HIV, children exposed to but uninfected with HIV, and children unexposed to HIV. STUDY
designOur cohort included 3554 Tanzanian children enrolled in 2 trials of micronutrient supplementation. Among infants born to mothers infected with HIV, 264 were infected with HIV and 2088 were exposed to but uninfected at 6 weeks of age. An additional 1202 infants were unexposed to HIV. Infants were followed until 18 months of age, death, or loss to follow-up. Morbidity and growth were assessed at monthly nurse visits.
resultsCompared with unexposed infants, hazard ratios (95% CI) for all-cause mortality in infants infected with HIV and infants who were exposed to but uninfected with HIV were 28.99 (14.83-56.66) and 2.79 (1.41-5.53), respectively, after adjusting for demographic and nutritional covariates. Compared with infants unexposed to HIV, infants infected with HIV also had a significantly greater risk of all measured morbidities, while infants who were exposed to but uninfected with HIV were significantly more likely to suffer from cough, fever, unscheduled outpatient visits, and hospitalizations. Infants infected with HIV also were more likely to experience stunting, wasting, and underweight at baseline and during follow-up. Infants exposed to but uninfected with HIV were more likely to be underweight at baseline (adjusted relative risk, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.45-2.89), but on average, experienced slower declines in height-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, and weight-for-height z-score as well as a lower rate of stunting over follow-up, compared with unexposed infants.
conclusionIn addition to preventing and treating HIV infection in infants, prevention-of-mother-to-child-transmission of HIV and child health services should also target children exposed to but uninfected with HIV to improve health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov: NCT00197730 and NCT00421668.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.