ArticleBMC veterinary research2016
Bovine lactoferrin free of lipopolysaccharide can induce a proinflammatory response of macrophages.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The immunomodulatory effects of lactoferrin and its derived peptides on NF-κB signaling pathway: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Uptake and nuclear translocation of lactoferrin by porcine monocytes: impact of iron binding, protease activity, and monocyte activation.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Immunologic Effects of a Novel Bovine Lactoferrin-Derived Peptide on the Gut and Clinical Perspectives.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Looking Inside of the Intestinal Permeability Regulation by Protein-Derivatives from Bovine Milk.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2024Review
- Immunomodulatory effect of bovine lactoferrin during SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Characterization of Porcine Monocyte-Derived Macrophages Cultured in Serum-Reduced Medium.Biology · 2022Article
- Lactoferrin and Its Potential Impact for the Relief of Pain: A Preclinical Approach.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Small extracellular vesicles derived from interferon-γ pre-conditioned mesenchymal stromal cells effectively treat liver fibrosis.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2021Article
- Bioactive Compounds in Infant Formula and Their Effects on Infant Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Literature Review.International journal of food science · 2021Review
- Bovine Lactoferrin in the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Lactoferrin is a dynamic protein in human melioidosis and is a TLR4-dependent driver of TNF-α release in Burkholderia thailandensis infection in vitro.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Anti-Infective, Anti-Inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Properties of Breast Milk Factors for the Protection of Infants in the Pandemic From COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2020Article
- Lactoferrin-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell therapy attenuates pathologic inflammatory conditions in newborn mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
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- Bovine Lactoferrin Inhibits Dengue Virus Infectivity by Interacting with Heparan Sulfate, Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor, and DC-SIGN.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Lactoferrin in a Context of Inflammation-Induced Pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLactoferrin (LF) is an 80 kDa glycoprotein which is known for its effects against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. It also has a high potential in nutrition therapy and welfare of people and a variety of animals, including piglets. The ability to bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the described anti-inflammatory mechanisms of LF. Previous studies suggested that cells can be stimulated even by LPS-free LF. Therefore, the aim of our study was to bring additional information about this possibility. Porcine monocyte derived macrophages (MDMF) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells were stimulated with unpurified LF in complex with LPS and with purified LF without bound LPS.
resultsBoth cell types were stimulated with unpurified as well as purified LF. On the other hand, neither HEK0 cells not expressing any TLR nor HEK4a cells transfected with TLR4 produced any pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts after stimulation with purified LF. This suggests that purified LF without LPS stimulates cells via another receptor than TLR4. An alternative, TLR4-independent, pathway was further confirmed by analyses of the NF-kappa-B-inducing kinase (NIK) activation. Western blot analyses showed NIK which activates different NFκB subunits compared to LF-LPS signaling via TLR4. Though, this confirmed an alternative pathway which is used by the purified LF free of LPS. This stimulation of MDMF led to low, but significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can be considered as a positive stimulation of the immune system.
conclusionOur results suggest that LF's ability is not only to bind LPS, but LF itself may be a stimulant of pro-inflammatory pathways.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.