ArticleBMC medical research methodology2016
Inverse probability weighting to estimate causal effect of a singular phase in a multiphase randomized clinical trial for multiple myeloma.
Article in BMC medical research methodology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01134484 (A Phase 3, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Study of VELCADE-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 3, Prospective, Randomized Clinical Study of VELCADE-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (VTD) Versus Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (TD) for Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma (MM) Patients Who Are Candidates to Receive Double Autologous Transplantation
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Real-world evidence of baseline soluble CD25 as a prognostic biomarker and indicator of differential EGFR-TKI benefit in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
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- Association between first-line antidepressant use and risk of dementia in older adults: a retrospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
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- Causal effects of cingulate morphology on executive functions in healthy young adults.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Bioinformatics analysis of the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of NPRL2 in stomach adenocarcinoma.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2022Article
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- Assessing the external validity of the VALIDATE-SWEDEHEART trial.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRandomization procedure in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) permits an unbiased estimation of causal effects. However, in clinical practice, differential compliance between arms may cause a strong violation of randomization balance and biased treatment effect among those who comply. We evaluated the effect of the consolidation phase on disease-free survival of patients with multiple myeloma in an RCT designed for another purpose, adjusting for potential selection bias due to different compliance to previous treatment phases.
methodsWe computed two propensity scores (PS) to model two different selection processes: the first to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation, the second to begin consolidation therapy. Combined stabilized inverse probability treatment weights were then introduced in the Cox model to estimate the causal effect of consolidation therapy miming an ad hoc RCT protocol.
resultsWe found that the effect of consolidation therapy was restricted to the first 18 months of the phase (HR: 0.40, robust 95 % CI: 0.17-0.96), after which it disappeared.
conclusionsPS-based methods could be a complementary approach within an RCT context to evaluate the effect of the last phase of a complex therapeutic strategy, adjusting for potential selection bias caused by different compliance to the previous phases of the therapeutic scheme, in order to simulate an ad hoc randomization procedure.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01134484 May 28, 2010 (retrospectively registered) EudraCT: 2005-003723-39 December 17, 2008 (retrospectively registered).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.