ArticlePloS one2016
Molecular Epidemiology of P. vivax in Iran: High Diversity and Complex Sub-Structure Using Neutral Markers, but No Evidence of Y976F Mutation at pvmdr1.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detecting imported malaria infections in endemic settings using molecular surveillance: current state and challenges.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Review
- Molecular epidemiology of potential candidate markers for chloroquine resistance in imported Plasmodium vivax malaria cases in Iran.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Novel highly-multiplexed AmpliSeq targeted assay forFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The changing epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax: Insights from conventional and novel surveillance tools.PLoS medicine · 2021Review
- Implementing parasite genotyping into national surveillance frameworks: feedback from control programmes and researchers in the Asia-Pacific region.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- Molecular surveillance over 14 years confirms reduction of Plasmodium vivax and falciparum transmission after implementation of Artemisinin-based combination therapy in Papua, Indonesia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Evolution of the Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene in the Greater Mekong Subregion during malaria elimination.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Causing Epidemic Malaria in the Republic of Korea.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2018Review
- Genetic diversity of the Plasmodium vivax multidrug resistance 1 gene in Thai parasite populations.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Genomic analysis of a pre-elimination Malaysian Plasmodium vivax population reveals selective pressures and changing transmission dynamics.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Malaria Epidemiology at the Clone Level.Trends in parasitology · 2017Review
- Chloroquine efficacy for Plasmodium vivax in Myanmar in populations with high genetic diversity and moderate parasite gene flow.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- VivaxGEN: An open access platform for comparative analysis of short tandem repeat genotyping data in Plasmodium vivax populations.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMalaria remains endemic at low levels in the south-eastern provinces of Iran bordering Afghanistan and Pakistan, with the majority of cases attributable to P. vivax. The national guidelines recommend chloroquine (CQ) as blood-stage treatment for uncomplicated P. vivax, but the large influx of imported cases enhances the risk of introducing CQ resistance (CQR). METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL
findingsThe genetic diversity at pvmdr1, a putative modulator of CQR, and across nine putatively neutral short tandem repeat (STR) markers were assessed in P. vivax clinical isolates collected between April 2007 and January 2013 in Hormozgan Province, south-eastern Iran. One hundred blood samples were collected from patients with microscopy-confirmed P. vivax enrolled at one of five district clinics. In total 73 (73%) were autochthonous cases, 23 (23%) imported cases from Afghanistan or Pakistan, and 4 (4%) with unknown origin. 97% (97/100) isolates carried the F1076L mutation, but none carried the Y976F mutation. STR genotyping was successful in 71 (71%) isolates, including 57(57%) autochthonous and 11 (11%) imported cases. Analysis of population structure revealed 2 major sub-populations, K1 and K2, with further sub-structure within K2. The K1 sub-population had markedly lower diversity than K2 (HE = 0.06 vs HE = 0.82) suggesting that the sub-populations were sustained by distinct reservoirs with differing transmission dynamics, possibly reflecting local versus imported/introduced populations. No notable separation was observed between the local and imported cases although the sample size was limited.
conclusionsThe contrasting low versus high diversity in the two sub-populations (K1 and K2) infers that a combination of local transmission and cross-border malaria from higher transmission regions shape the genetic make-up of the P. vivax population in south-eastern Iran. There was no molecular evidence of CQR amongst the local or imported cases, but ongoing clinical surveillance is warranted.
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