Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27826879›Full record

ArticleBulletin of mathematical biology2017

Optimization and Control of Agent-Based Models in Biology: A Perspective.

G An, B G Fitzpatrick, S Christley, P Federico, A Kanarek, R Miller Neilan, M Oremland, R Salinas, R Laubenbacher, S Lenhart

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bulletin of mathematical biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
6.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Stochastic pharmacodynamics of a heterogeneous tumour-cell population.Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics · 2025
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  6. Control of medical digital twins with artificial neural networks.Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.

G AnDepartment of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
B G FitzpatrickDepartment of Mathematics, Loyola Marymount University, and Tempest Technologies, Los Angeles, CA, USA. bfitzpatrick@lmu.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-8067-3210
S ChristleyDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
P FedericoDepartment of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics, Capital University, Columbus, OH, USA.
A KanarekU.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA.
R Miller NeilanDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
M OremlandMathematical Biosciences Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
R SalinasDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
R LaubenbacherCenter for Quantitative Medicine, UConn Health, and Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA.
S LenhartDepartment of Mathematics and NIMBioS, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
Appalachian State University · USCapital University · USDuquesne University · USEnvironmental Protection Agency · USJackson Laboratory · USLoyola Marymount University · USNational Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis · USThe Ohio State University · USThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity of Chicago · US

Funding

Shared Resource ManagementP30CA034196 · NCI · JACKSON LABORATORY · PI William Carl Skarnes · 1985 to 2026
$61.9M
ULTRASTRUCTURE AND CYTOMORPHOLOGY COREP30DK042086 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI LIU, CAMBRIAN YANGSHAO · 1990 to 2025
$29.8M
Adaptive Simulation to Enable Anatomic-scale Agent-basedR01GM115839 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI AN, GARY, MACAL, CHARLES MARTIN · 2015 to 2017
$1.2M
Modeling and control of environmentally transmitted pathogensR01GM113239 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE KNOXVILLE · PI LANZAS, CRISTINA · 2014 to 2017
$624k
NCEZID CDC HHS U01 CK000587NCI NIH HHS P30 CA034196NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK042086NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM113239NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM115839
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Agent-based models (ABMs) have become an increasingly important mode of inquiry for the life sciences. They are particularly valuable for systems that are not understood well enough to build an equation-based model. These advantages, however, are counterbalanced by the difficulty of analyzing and using ABMs, due to the lack of the type of mathematical tools available for more traditional models, which leaves simulation as the primary approach. As models become large, simulation becomes challenging. This paper proposes a novel approach to two mathematical aspects of ABMs, optimization and control, and it presents a few first steps outlining how one might carry out this approach. Rather than viewing the ABM as a model, it is to be viewed as a surrogate for the actual system. For a given optimization or control problem (which may change over time), the surrogate system is modeled instead, using data from the ABM and a modeling framework for which ready-made mathematical tools exist, such as differential equations, or for which control strategies can explored more easily. Once the optimization problem is solved for the model of the surrogate, it is then lifted to the surrogate and tested. The final step is to lift the optimization solution from the surrogate system to the actual system. This program is illustrated with published work, using two relatively simple ABMs as a demonstration, Sugarscape and a consumer-resource ABM. Specific techniques discussed include dimension reduction and approximation of an ABM by difference equations as well systems of PDEs, related to certain specific control objectives. This demonstration illustrates the very challenging mathematical problems that need to be solved before this approach can be realistically applied to complex and large ABMs, current and future. The paper outlines a research program to address them.

Indexed as

Models, BiologicalSystems AnalysisAnimalsComputer SimulationEcosystemMathematical ConceptsPest Control, BiologicalPoaceaeRabbitsStochastic ProcessesSystems BiologySystems TheoryAgent-based modelingOptimal controlOptimizationSystems theory

Identifiers

PMID27826879
PMCPMC5209420
OpenAlexW2557183043

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.