ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2016
Application of a low molecular weight antifungal protein from Penicillium chrysogenum (PAF) to treat pulmonary aspergillosis in mice.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- WHO Critical Priority Fungi: A Comprehensive Review of Antifungal Resistance, Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, and the Potential of Antifungal Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The role of Npt1 in regulating antifungal protein activity in filamentous fungi.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Small Disulfide Proteins with Antifungal Impact: NMR Experimental Structures as Compared to Models of Alphafold Versions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Navigating the fungal battlefield: cysteine-rich antifungal proteins and peptides from Eurotiales.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2024Review
- TheJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Small, Cationic Antifungal Proteins from Filamentous Fungi InhibitMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Immunological detection of AcAMP antimicrobial peptide secreted byIranian journal of microbiology · 2021Article
- Solution Structure, Dynamics, and New Antifungal Aspects of the Cysteine-Rich Miniprotein PAFC.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides: A New Hope in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Fields.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Two small, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins from Penicillium chrysogenum: A comparative study of PAF and PAFB.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2020Review
- Biofungicidal Potential ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Cysteine-Rich Antifungal Proteins from Filamentous Fungi are Promising Bioactive Natural Compounds in Anti-Israel journal of chemistry · 2019Review
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- Do Antimicrobial Proteins Contribute to Overcoming the Hidden Antifungal Crisis at the Dawn of a Post-Antibiotic Era?Microorganisms · 2019Article
- Antifungal Peptides of the AFP Family Revisited: Are These Cannibal Toxins?Microorganisms · 2018Review
- New Antimicrobial Potential and Structural Properties of PAFB: A Cationic, Cysteine-Rich Protein from Penicillium chrysogenum Q176.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Regulated Cell Death as a Therapeutic Target for Novel Antifungal Peptides and Biologics.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PAF, a small antifungal protein from Penicillium chrysogenum, inhibits the growth of several pathogenic filamentous fungi, including members of the Aspergillus genus. PAF has been proven to have no toxic effects in vivo in mice by intranasal application. To test its efficacy against invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), experiments were carried out in mice suffering from IPA. Adult mice were immunosuppressed and then infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. After stable infection, the animals were inoculated with PAF intranasally at a concentration of 2.7 mg/kg twice per day. At this concentration-which is highly toxic in vitro to A. fumigatus-the mortality of the animals was slightly delayed but finally all animals died. Histological examinations revealed massive fungal infections in the lungs of both PAF-treated and untreated animal groups. Because intranasally administered PAF was unable to overcome IPA, modified and combined therapies were introduced. The intraperitoneal application of PAF in animals with IPA prolonged the survival of the animals only 1 day. Similar results were obtained with amphotericin B (AMB), with PAF and AMB being equally effective. Combined therapy with AMB and PAF-which are synergistic in vitro-was found to be more effective than either AMB or PAF treatment alone. As no toxic effects of PAF in mammals have been described thus far, and, moreover, there are so far no A. fumigatus strains with reported inherent or acquired PAF resistance, it is worth carrying out further studies to introduce PAF as a potential antifungal drug in human therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.