SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2016
Pre-hospital management of mass casualty civilian shootings: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT05358418 (Abbreviated Injury Scale), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) Grading and Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) Triage Method Combined With Film Transferring on Instant Message Improve Difference of Disaster Triage and Disaster Management
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of hemorrhage and vascular injuries in civilian public mass shootings.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Lessons learned from terror attacks: thematic priorities and development since 2001-results from a systematic review.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2022Pooled it
- The Ten Second Triage Tool - a multi-disciplinary simulation-based field test to determine its speed, accuracy and practical on scene application.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Observational
- People as frontliners in the management of disasters and public health emergencies.AIMS public health · 2026Review
- Examining the experiences of prehospital emergency workers in emergency medical intervention during terrorist attacks: a qualitative study.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- European perspectives on pre-hospital interagency collaboration during terrorist incidents: a focus group study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Challenges faced by the Iranian health system in response process to terrorist explosive attacks: a descriptive phenomenology qualitative study of live experiences.BMC emergency medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of receiving hospitals on the management and outcomes of injured patients in traffic accidents causing mass casualty incidents.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2025Article
- Timings of pre-hospital life-saving interventions in mass casualty incidents: an observational simulation study.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Observational
- Tactical Emergency Medical Services in Copenhagen, Denmark: A mixed methods design study introducing a new concept.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Enhancing global disaster preparedness: A scoping review of the current integration of situational awareness and disaster mindset in healthcare education.AIMS public health · 2025Review
- Factors affecting the accuracy of prehospital triage application and prehospital scene time in simulated mass casualty incidents.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of prehospital preparedness for major incidents on a national level, with focus on mass casualty incidents.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- Triage in major incidents: development and external validation of novel machine learning-derived primary and secondary triage tools.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2024Article
- Psychological, cognitive, and physiological impact of hazards casualties' trainings on first responders: the example of a chemical and radiological training. An exploratory study.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Advancing the scientific study of prehospital mass casualty response through a Translational Science process: the T1 scoping literature review stage.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2023Article
- Management and outcomes of firearm-related vascular injuries.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2023Article
- Nonfatal Injuries Sustained in Mass Shootings in the US, 2012-2019: Injury Diagnosis Matrix, Incident Context, and Public Health Considerations.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2023Article
- "You have to live with some risk, it's part of the profession". Specialist ambulance nurses' perceptions of assignments involving ongoing lethal violence.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2023Article
- First Responder Virtual Reality Simulator to train and assess emergency personnel for mass casualty response.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMass casualty civilian shootings present an uncommon but recurring challenge to emergency services around the world and produce unique management demands. On the background of a rising threat of transnational terrorism worldwide, emergency response strategies are of critical importance. This study aims to systematically identify, describe and appraise the quality of indexed and non-indexed literature on the pre-hospital management of modern civilian mass shootings to guide future practice.
methodsSystematic literature searches of PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Scopus were conducted in conjunction with simple searches of non-indexed databases; Web of Science, OpenDOAR and Evidence Search. The searches were last carried out on 20 April 2016 and only identified those papers published after the 1 January 1980. Included documents had to contain descriptions, discussions or experiences of the pre-hospital management of civilian mass shootings.
resultsFrom the 494 identified manuscripts, 73 were selected on abstract and title and after full text reading 47 were selected for inclusion in analysis. The search yielded reports of 17 mass shooting events, the majority from the USA with additions from France, Norway, the UK and Kenya. Between 1994 and 2015 the shooting of 1649 people with 578 deaths at 17 separate events are described. Quality appraisal demonstrated considerable heterogeneity in reporting and revealed limited data on mass shootings globally.
conclusionKey themes were identified to improve future practice: tactical emergency medical support may harmonise inner cordon interventions, a need for inter-service education on effective haemorrhage control, the value of senior triage operators and the need for regular mass casualty incident simulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.