Trial reportPLoS medicine2016
Promoting Partner Testing and Couples Testing through Secondary Distribution of HIV Self-Tests: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Trial report in PLoS medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 197 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Use of HIV Self-tests to Promote Partner and Couples Testing: a Randomized Trial
Secondary Distribution of HIV Self-tests: an Innovative Strategy for Promoting Partner Testing and Reducing HIV Risk
Self-Test Strategies and Linkage Incentives to Improve ART and PrEP Uptake in Men
Reaching the Last 20%: a Targeted HIV Self-test Secondary Distribution Intervention to Engage High-risk Men in Kenya
Who cites it
197 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 308 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Barriers and facilitators of HIV partner status notification in low- and lower-middle-income countries: A mixed-methods systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Social network strategies to distribute HIV self-testing kits: a global systematic review and network meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Pooled it
- Strategies to increase couples HIV testing and counselling in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Pooled it
- Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- Acceptability and uptake of HIV self-testing in emergency care settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analyses to Assess the Effectiveness of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Self-testing Distribution Strategies.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Pooled it
- HIV testing and seroprevalence among couples of people diagnosed with HIV in China: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- HIV Self-Testing Uptake and Intervention Strategies Among Men in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Examining the effects of HIV self-testing compared to standard HIV testing services: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of enhanced peer PrEP referral with HIV self-testing delivery among young Kenyan women: A randomized controlled trial of peer networks.PLoS medicine · 2026Trial
- Participants and Recipients in Social Network Distribution of HIV Self-Testing Kits Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Trial
- Secondary Distribution of Dual HIV/Syphilis Self-Testing Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial in China.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Trial
- Provision of COVID-19 Self-Test Kits to Patients for Distribution to Social Contacts: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Brief Report: HIV Risk Perception and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Uptake Among Pregnant Women Offered Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis During Antenatal Care in Kenya.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Trial
- "There is no need to leave the beach to test": a qualitative study of HIV self-testing knowledge and acceptability of HIV self-test kit distribution among social networks of fishermen in Western Kenya.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of HIV self-testing when offered within assisted partner services in Western Kenya (APS-HIVST Study): a cluster randomized controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- Salient beliefs related to secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits within social networks.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Partner testing with HIV self-test distribution by Ugandan pregnant women living with HIV: a randomized trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Trial
137 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAchieving higher rates of partner HIV testing and couples testing among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa is essential for the success of combination HIV prevention, including the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. We aimed to determine whether providing multiple HIV self-tests to pregnant and postpartum women for secondary distribution is more effective at promoting partner testing and couples testing than conventional strategies based on invitations to clinic-based testing. METHODS AND
findingsWe conducted a randomized trial in Kisumu, Kenya, between June 11, 2015, and January 15, 2016. Six hundred antenatal and postpartum women aged 18-39 y were randomized to an HIV self-testing (HIVST) group or a comparison group. Participants in the HIVST group were given two oral-fluid-based HIV test kits, instructed on how to use them, and encouraged to distribute a test kit to their male partner or use both kits for testing as a couple. Participants in the comparison group were given an invitation card for clinic-based HIV testing and encouraged to distribute the card to their male partner, a routine practice in many health clinics. The primary outcome was partner testing within 3 mo of enrollment. Among 570 participants analyzed, partner HIV testing was more likely in the HIVST group (90.8%, 258/284) than the comparison group (51.7%, 148/286; difference = 39.1%, 95% CI 32.4% to 45.8%, p < 0.001). Couples testing was also more likely in the HIVST group than the comparison group (75.4% versus 33.2%, difference = 42.1%, 95% CI 34.7% to 49.6%, p < 0.001). No participants reported intimate partner violence due to HIV testing. This study was limited by self-reported outcomes, a common limitation in many studies involving HIVST due to the private manner in which self-tests are meant to be used.
conclusionsProvision of multiple HIV self-tests to women seeking antenatal and postpartum care was successful in promoting partner testing and couples testing. This approach warrants further consideration as countries develop HIVST policies and seek new ways to increase awareness of HIV status among men and promote couples testing.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02386215.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.