Observational studyJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2016
Do Biomarkers of Inflammation, Monocyte Activation, and Altered Coagulation Explain Excess Mortality Between HIV Infected and Uninfected People?
Observational study in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statin Therapy as Primary Prevention for Persons With HIV: A Synopsis of Recommendations From the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Antiretroviral Treatment Guidelines Panel.Annals of internal medicine · 2025Guideline
- HIV infection does not affect the risk of death of COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.Journal of global health · 2022Pooled it
- Multivariate Computational Analysis of Gamma Delta T Cell Inhibitory Receptor Signatures Reveals the Divergence of Healthy and ART-Suppressed HIV+ Aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Latent tuberculosis infection is associated with increased unstimulated levels of interferon-gamma in Lima, Peru.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Association between human immunodeficiency virus infection and the risk of glaucoma: a real-world multicenter cohort study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Development of a heart failure with preserved ejection fraction risk prediction score in primary care settings with a high HIV prevalence.Open heart · 2026Observational
- The Gut-Immune Axis in Treated HIV Infection: From Mucosal Damage to Chronic Inflammation and Therapeutic Opportunities-A Clinician-Oriented Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Clonal Hematopoiesis in HIV and Atherosclerosis, Arterial Inflammation, and Lymph Node Metabolic Activity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Opposite effects of chronic HIV infection and antiretroviral medication on organismal and organ-specific biological aging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Immune Activation, and Risk of Diabetes in Veterans With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- HIV infection and immunosenescence: challenges and intervention strategies.BMC medicine · 2025Review
- The Pathological Link Between Elevated Markers of Inflammation, Endothelial Activation, and Cardiovascular Diseases in People Living with HIV on Combination Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Intestinal Microbiota and Aging in People with HIV-What We Know and What We Don't.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
- A multi-trait epigenome-wide association study identified DNA methylation signature of inflammation among men with HIV.Clinical epigenetics · 2024Article
- Sustained immune activation and impaired epithelial barrier integrity in the ectocervix of women with chronic HIV infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Relationship between Modern ART Regimens and Immunosenescence Markers in Patients with Chronic HIV Infection.Viruses · 2024Article
- Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- A multi-trait epigenome-wide association study identified DNA methylation signature of inflammation among people with HIV.Research square · 2024Article
- HIV-1 Structural Proteins or Cell-Signaling Factors? That Is the Question!Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV infection and biomarkers of inflammation [measured by interleukin-6 (IL-6)], monocyte activation [soluble CD14 (sCD14)], and coagulation (D-dimer) are associated with morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that these immunologic processes mediate (explain) some of the excess risk of mortality among HIV infected (HIV+) versus uninfected people independently of comorbid diseases.
methodsAmong 2350 (1521 HIV+) participants from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Biomarker Cohort (VACS BC), we investigated whether the association between HIV and mortality was altered by adjustment for IL-6, sCD14, and D-dimer, accounting for confounders. Participants were followed from date of blood draw for biomarker assays (baseline) until death or July 25, 2013. Analyses included ordered logistic regression and Cox Proportional Hazards regression.
resultsDuring 6.9 years (median), 414 deaths occurred. The proportional odds of being in a higher quartile of IL-6, sCD14, or D-dimer were 2-3 fold higher for viremic HIV+ versus uninfected people. Mortality rates were higher among HIV+ compared with uninfected people [incidence rate ratio (95% CI): 1.31 (1.06 to 1.62)]. Mortality risk increased with increasing quartiles of IL-6, sCD14, and D-dimer regardless of HIV status. Adjustment for IL-6, sCD14, and D-dimer partially attenuated mortality risk among HIV+ people with unsuppressed viremia (HIV-1 RNA ≥10,000 copies per milliliter) compared with uninfected people-hazard ratio (95% CI) decreased from 2.18 (1.60 to 2.99) to 2.00 (1.45 to 2.76).
conclusionsHIV infection is associated with elevated IL-6, sCD14, and D-dimer, which are in turn associated with mortality. Baseline measures of these biomarkers partially mediate excess mortality risk among HIV+ versus uninfected people.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.