Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27822520›Full record

ArticlemSystems

Getting the Hologenome Concept Right: an Eco-Evolutionary Framework for Hosts and Their Microbiomes.

Kevin R Theis, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Jonathan L Klassen, Robert M Brucker, John F Baines, Thomas C G Bosch, John F Cryan, Scott F Gilbert, Charles J Goodnight, Elisabeth A Lloyd and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in mSystems. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
224citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

224 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Humans as an extended phenotype of their microbiota.Theory in biosciences = Theorie in den Biowissenschaften · 2026
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164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Kevin R TheisDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; Wayne State University Perinatal Initiative, Detroit, Michigan, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8690-7599
Nolwenn M DheillySchool of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3675-5013
Jonathan L KlassenDepartment of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1745-8838
Robert M BruckerThe Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0854-848X
John F BainesMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany; Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8132-4909
Thomas C G BoschZoological Institute, Christian Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany.
John F CryanDepartment of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.ORCID 0000-0001-5887-2723
Scott F GilbertDepartment of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, USA.
Charles J GoodnightDepartment of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9938-7553
Elisabeth A LloydHistory and Philosophy of Science Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9349-9805
Jan SappDepartment of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Philippe VandenkoornhuyseUniversité de Rennes 1, CNRS, UMR6553 EcoBio, Rennes, France.ORCID 0000-0003-3029-4647
Ilana Zilber-RosenbergIndependent Researcher, Givat Shmuel, Israel.
Eugene RosenbergDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Seth R BordensteinDepartments of Biological Sciences and Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7346-0954

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Given the complexity of host-microbiota symbioses, scientists and philosophers are asking questions at new biological levels of hierarchical organization-what is a holobiont and hologenome? When should this vocabulary be applied? Are these concepts a null hypothesis for host-microbe systems or limited to a certain spectrum of symbiotic interactions such as host-microbial coevolution? Critical discourse is necessary in this nascent area, but productive discourse requires that skeptics and proponents use the same lexicon. For instance, critiquing the hologenome concept is not synonymous with critiquing coevolution, and arguing that an entity is not a primary unit of selection dismisses the fact that the hologenome concept has always embraced multilevel selection. Holobionts and hologenomes are incontrovertible, multipartite entities that result from ecological, evolutionary, and genetic processes at various levels. They are not restricted to one special process but constitute a wider vocabulary and framework for host biology in light of the microbiome.

Indexed as

ecologyevolutionhologenomemicrobiome

Identifiers

PMID27822520
PMCPMC5069740

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.